tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-71823997559791439332024-03-05T04:12:29.142-08:00Free Reviewers Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09933937718169790923noreply@blogger.comBlogger26125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7182399755979143933.post-15242128371073583372015-06-23T01:50:00.000-07:002015-06-23T01:50:00.390-07:00World History (Chapter 25) <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
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<b><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Aralin 25: Rebolusyong Siyentipiko at ang panahon ng Enlightenment<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b>Rebolusyong
Siyentipiko (1600-1700)</b> - panahon ng malawakang <b>pagbabago sa pag-iisip at paniniwala.</b></div>
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<b><u>Age of
Enlightenment o Age of Reason<o:p></o:p></u></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->panahon ng mga Iskolar na nakabuo ng mga teorya
sa pilosopiya at naging batayan sa konsepto ng pamahalaan, demokrasya at
edukasyon sa modernong panahon.</div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]-->Tinawag na Age of Reason sa paniniwalang
matutugunan ang mga suliranin sa lipunan sa paggamit ng pangangatuwiran.</div>
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<b>Mga Salik:<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]-->Eksplorasyon simula ika-15 na siglo</div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]-->Renaissance</div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]-->Repormasyon</div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]-->Hindi pagsasa-alang alang ng hindi pagtugma ng
bagong tuklas sa teolohiyang Kristiyano</div>
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<b>Rebolusyong
Siyentipiko at Pagtingin sa Kalikasan<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b>Agham</b> – malaon
nang ginagamit ng mga greek bilang <i>scientia
o kaalaman.</i></div>
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<b>Aristotle at Ptolemy</b>
–sa kanila mai-uugat ang <i>medieval</i> na
pagtingin sa kalawakan</div>
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<b>Geocentric View</b> –
teorya ni <b>Ptolemy</b> na ang <b><i>daigdig
ang sentro ng kalawakan</i> </b>at nagtataguyod sa paniniwalang Kristiyano</div>
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<b>Ether</b> – <b>puro at espiritwal</b> na elementong na
sinasabing <b>komposisyon ng mga bagay sa
kalawakan at daigdig</b>, kasama ng apat na elemento – lupa, tubig, apoy, at
hangin, <b>bilang ambag ni Aristotle</b> sa
teorya ni Ptolemy.</div>
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<b>Makabagong Pagtingin
sa Kalawakan<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b>Nicolaus Copernicus
(1473-1543)</b> – astronomer mula Poland na may akda ng <i>De revolutionibus orbium coelestium</i> (On the revolution of the
Heavenly Spheres) na nailathala ilang buwan bago sya namatay. Ang kanyang
teorya na ang araw ang sentro ng daigdig ay nakilala bilang <b>Heliocentric View.</b></div>
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<b>Galileo Galilei</b> –
nakaimbento ng <b>teleskopyo noong 1609</b>
at nagpatunay sa teorya ni Copernicus. Ang kaniyang kongklusyon na ang lahat ng
bagay sa kalawakan ay napapasailalim sa parehong likas na mga batas, at mga
obserbasyon ay inilathala sa <b><i>Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World
Systems (1632)<o:p></o:p></i></b></div>
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<b>Tycho Brahe </b>–sumuporta
at lalong <b>nagpatibay sa teorya ni
Copernicus</b> at nakapagtalaga ng <b>1,000
bituin</b>, at pinag-aralan ang mga <b>orbit
at mga kometa</b>, nadiskubre rin nya ang <b>Cassiopeia.</b></div>
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<b>Johannes Kepler</b> –
katuwang ni Brahe na naglathala ng kanyang akda pagkamatay nito noong
1601. <i>Natuklasan nyang hindi pabilog ang orbit kundi<b> Eliptikal</b>.<o:p></o:p></i></div>
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<b>Isaac Newton</b> –
natuklasan nya ang <b>Law of Gravity</b>
bilang paliwanag sa paggalaw ng mga planeta; at ang <b>Law of Inertia</b> – paniniwala na ang anumang bagay ay mananatiling
hindi gumagalaw hanggang walang pwersang nagpapagalaw rito. Ang mga ideyang ito
ay makikita sa kanyang akda na <i>Mathematical
Principles of Natural Philosophy (1687).</i></div>
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<b>Iba pang Pagunlad sa
Aghan pangkalikasan<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b>Natural Science</b> –
tumutukoy sa pisikal na daigdig at mga pangyayari dito.</div>
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Andreas Vesalius – nanguna sa pag-aaral ng anatomiya ng tao,
sa pamamagitan ng bangkay at kalansay.</div>
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William Harvey – nakatuklas at nakapagpaliwanag sa
sirkulasyon ng dugo at mga bagay na may kinalaman sa puso.</div>
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Antoni van Leeuwenhoek – nakaimbento sa microscope at sa
pamamamgitan nito, natuklasan nya ang mga single-celled organism.</div>
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Carolus Linnaeus –swedish na nanguna sa pag-aaral ng mga
halaman at hayop. Binomial System of Nomenclature (1753)</div>
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Paghikayat sa Siyentipikong Pag-aaral</div>
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Sir Francis Bacon – Ambag niya ang pamamaraang Baconian kung
saan ang tuon ay sa inductive method.</div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]-->Inductive method - nagsisimula sa mga
obserbasyon sa kalikasan at eksperimentasyon upang makabuo ng paliwanag. </div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]-->Deductive method - mula sa isang pangkalahatang
paliwanag o makatotohanang pangungusap patutunayang ang isang hypothesis.</div>
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Rene Descartes – ginamit ang matematika upang ipaliwanag ang
suliranin sa Agham at Pilosopiya. Ang isang bagay na hindi dapat pagdudahan ay
ang pagdududa mismo na masasalamin kanyang linya na “Cogito, ergo sum.” (“I
think, therefore I am.”) Naniniwala rin sya na ang katwiran ang susi sa
pagkamit ng kaalaman.</div>
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Ang Panahon ng Enlightenment </div>
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-kilusang intelektuwal na binubuo ng mga iskolar na
nagtangkang iahon ang mga Europeo mula sa kawalan ng katwiran.</div>
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Mga Pananaw Ukol sa Pamahalaan</div>
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Thomas Hobbes – nailathala ang Leviathan (1651) kung saan
tinalakay nya ang kalikasan ng tao at ng estado, at sinabing likas na
makasarili ang tao. SIya ang unang tumalakay sa Social Contract sa pagitan ng
mamamayan at pinuno.</div>
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John Locke - sumulat
ng Two Treatises of Government (1689). Binigyang diin nya na mahalaga ang
gitnang uri at kaiba kay Hobbes ang kanyang paniniwala sa likas ng mga tao.</div>
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Jean Jacques Rousseau – sumulat ng The Social Contract
(1762). Ipinaliwanag na ang social contract ay kasunduan ng mga malayang
mamamayan na lumikha ng lipunan at pamahalaan.</div>
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Francois Marie Arouet o Voltaire – nagtaguyod ng
paniniwalang ang demokrasya ay pagiging mangmang ng masa at ang monarkiya ang
sagot sa pagunlad ang pagbabago.</div>
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Baron de Montesquieu – ipinaghambing ang republika,
monarkiya, at demokrasya sa kanyang akdang On the Spirt of Laws (1748). Itinaguyod
din nya ang Meteorological Climate Theory. Isinulong din nya ang sistema ng
checks and balances na maisasakatuparan sa separation of powers.</div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]-->Meteorological Climate Theory - Paniniwalang
klima at pagkakataon ang nagtatakda ng anyo ng pamahalaan.</div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]-->Separation of Powers – pagkakaroon ng 3 sangay –
ehekutibo, lehislatibo at hudisyal.</div>
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Mga Puna sa Lipunan</div>
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Encyclopaedist – grupo ng mga pilosopong French na
nagtulong-tulong upang mabuo ang Encyclopedie na koleksyon ng mga puna at
hinaing ng mga pilosopo sa lipunan.</div>
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Denis Diderot – patnugat ng Encyclopedie na tumipon sa halos
lahat ng mahalagang manunulat ng French.</div>
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Cesare Bonesana Beccaria – sumulat ng Of Crimes and
Punishment (1764) na isa sa mga argument laban sa parusang kamtayan.</div>
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John Howard – nahikayat nya ang house of commons, ang
lehislatura ng England, na magpatupad ng mga batas ukol sa reporma ng kulungan.</div>
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Kaisipan Ukol sa Edukasyon</div>
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An Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1690) – Akda ni
John Locke na tumalakay sa konsepto ng tabula rasa. Ayon dito, sa paggamit ng
limang pandama magkakaroon ng laman ang utak natin na mga blankong papel.</div>
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Emile (1762) - akda
ni Jean Jacques Rousseau. Tinuligsa nya ang tradisyonal na ideya na ang
edukasyon ay pagtuturo ng lahat ng bagay sa isang bata.</div>
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Ang Kababaihan sa Panahon ng Enlightenment</div>
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Salon – pinamamahalaan ng kababaihan sa france; tagpuan ng
mga manunulat, pilosopo at alagad ng sining upang magsagawa ng talakayang
intelektuwal.</div>
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Mary Wollstonecraft – tinalakay nya ang mga karapatan ng
kaabaihan sa akda nya na A Vindication of the Rights of Women (1792); maaaring
ituring sya na unang pemisnista.</div>
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Panahon ng Enlightenment at ang Sining</div>
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Panahong Klasikal –
sa larangan ng musika, itinuturing ito bilang panahon pagkatapos ng 1750.</div>
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Franz Josef Haydn – “Ama ng Symphony” at “Ama ng String
Quartet”</div>
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Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – bihasa sa laaht ng anyo ng musika.</div>
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Ludwig van Beethoven – kompositor ng musikang klasikal.</div>
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Pamana ng Rebolusyong Siyentipiko at Enlightenment</div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]-->Pagpapahalaga sa agham hanggang sa kasalukuyan</div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]-->Humubog sa modernong ideya hinggil sa
pamahalaan, demokrasya, edukasyon , sining at panitikan.</div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]-->Robinson Crusoe (1719) – Daniel Defoe</div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]-->The Adventures of Nicholas Experience (1776) –
Ignacy Krasicki</div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]-->Naliwanagang pamumuno</div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]-->2 dakilang republica – France at United States</div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09933937718169790923noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7182399755979143933.post-85407111828842648622015-06-22T19:00:00.000-07:002015-06-22T19:00:00.296-07:00World History (Chapter 24)<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
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" target="_blank"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyeB8DAqxTBv5Q3l3byeAfx1ac3SIXJ8s3lRa1Zhj1bOGu54N1FhUdnsMDbYuifosqODya55zoZlsjV5pT6bYh4zigYaPezk4cdF71P6RFYRzGjVsFK6UEMQGoxTfaUTl8-_dHM3VoIjk/s640/download.jpg" width="453" /></a></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Aralin 24 : Unang Yugto
ng Imperyalismong Kanluranin<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Eksplorasyon</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> – paghahanap ng mga lugar na hindi
pa nararating ng mga Europeo; ito ang nagbigay daan sa kolonyalismo.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Kolonyalismo</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> – pagsakop ng isang makapangyarihang
bansa sa isang mahinang bansa.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">3 Motibo ng
Kolonyalismo<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Paghahanap
ng kayamanan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pagpapalaganap
ng Kristiyanismo<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Katanyagan
at Karangalan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">(1500-1700)</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
- naganap ang unang yugto ng imperyalismong kanluranin<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Imperyalismo</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> – paghihimasok, pag-impluwensya at pagkontrol ng isang malakas na bansa sa
mahinang bansa.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">2 Uri ng Imperyalismo<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Tuwiran
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Di-tuwiran<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Salik na nagdulot sa
Paglalakbay<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pagiging
mausisa na dulot ng Renaissance<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Suporta
ng monarkiya sa mga manlalakbay<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pagkatuklas
sa mga gamit na pangnabigasyon at sasakyang pandagat<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Asya</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> – naging kaakit-akit sa mga Europeo dahil sa mga tala nina Marco Polo
at Ibn Battuta<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The Travels of Marco
Polo</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> – ipinabatid sa
mga Europeo ang yaman ng China.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Kayamanan <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ninais ng mga Europeo na magkaroon ng maraming Bullion.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Produkto na hinangad ng Europeo sa Asya<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Asukal<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Seda<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Spices
– maaaring gamitin sa pagpreserba ng pagkain at bilang medisina<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Limitado ang kalakalan sa pagitan ng Europa at Asya at
tanging mga Venetian may hawak ng kalakaran dahil sila lamang ang pinaboran ng
mga Muslim na dumaan sa ruta. Ito ang nagdulot sa mga Bourgeoisie na tumuklas
ng bagong ruta.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Relihiyon<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Reconquista </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">– inilunsad ng mga Portuguese at
Espanyol upang mabawi ang lupain sa Iberian Peninsula na nasakop ng mga muslim<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Krusada (1100)</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> – paraan ng pagbawi ng mga
Kristiyano ng Holy Land sa mga Muslim. Maaaring ang eksplorasyon ay ang lohikal
na pagpapatuloy nito.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">New World</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> – mga teritoryong lampas sa
kinagisnan nilang daigdig. (North America, South America)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Katanyagan <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> Dahil ang panahon ng
Renaissance ay naging Humanistiko, nagkaroon ang mga tao na magbigay ng tiwala
sa kanilang kakayahan at naging dahilan upang maghangad ng katanyagan at
karangalan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pag-unlad ng
Teknolohiya<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Sasakyang Pandagat<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Caravel</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> – isang sasakyang pandagat na
maaaring maglulan ng mga canyon at baril at mas malaki at mas mainam sa mga
malayuang paglalayag.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Gamit na Pangnabigasyon<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Astrolabe</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> – gamit upang tukuyin ang posisyon
ng barko sa pamamagitan ng latitude sa pagtingin ng posisyon ng araw, buwan at
bituin.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Compass</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> – ginagamit upang malaman ang
direksyon.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Prince Henry (Portugal)</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> – Henry the Navigator; nagpamalas ng
interes sa paglalakbay at sumuporta sa mga manlalakbay ngunit kailan ma’y hindi
naglayag; layunin niyang palayain ang mga aliping kristiyano ng mga muslim sa
Africa.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Europeong Nanguna sa
Paglalakbay<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Portuguese<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Vasco da Gama</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> – inikot ang Cape of Good Hope noong
1497 at narrating ang India noong 1498. Nakapagtatag sila ng Base sa Hormuz,
Goa at Malacca.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Espanol<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Christopher
Columbus(Italian) </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">–
Sinuportahan sya ni Queen Isabella of Spain nang tanggihan sya ng Portugal at
narating ang Carribean Sea sa pag-aakalang ito ay Asya noong Oktubre 12, 1492
at tinawag itong New World.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Treaty of Tordesillas
(1494</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">) – hinati ni
Pope Alexander VI ang dagidig sa Spain at Portugal upang maiwasan ang
tunggalian ng interes at Ibinatay naman ni Pope Julius II sa linya ng 370
Leagues ang linya ng demarkasyon sa kanluran ng Azores. Kanluran sa Spain at
Silangan sa Portugal.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Conquistador</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> – nasakop nila ang Aztec(Mexico) sa
pamamagitan ni Hernando Cortez. Nasakop naman nila ang Inca(Peru) sa
pamamagitan ni Francisco Pizarro.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Narating ni Magellan ang pilipinas noong 1521 at napasailalim
ito noong 1565.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pinakamalayong sakop ng Spain; Hilaga – American West; Timog
– Chile<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Dutch</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> -Inagaw nila ang Malacca mula sa
Portugal<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> Sistemang Plantasyon –
itinatag ng mga Dutch kung saan ang mga lupain ay pinatamnan ng mga tanim na
mabili sa pamilihan. Naging epekto nito ang sapilitang paggawa.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Henry Hudson (English)</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> – napasok ang New York bay at
pinangalanang New Netherlands at Nagtatag ng isang Trade Outpost o Himpilang
pangkalakalan noong 1624 sa pinangalanang New Amsterdam at kilala ngayon bilang
New York City.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Dutch East India
Company</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> (Vereenigde
Oostindische Compagnie, 1602) – dahilan kung bakit nagtagal ang kanilang
kapangyarihan sa Asya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">England<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">English East India
Company </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">– binigyan
ng monopolyo ng kalakalan sa East Indies, Africa, Virginia at ilang bahagi ng
America. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">East Indies</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> – tumutukoy sa kapuluan ng Timog
Silangang Asya particular ang Malay Archipelago. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Roanoke Islands </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">– unang kolonyang naitatag ng mga
English na hindi nagtagal.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Nakapagtatag sila ng kolonya sa Carribean at North America at
naging batayan ng Imperyong British. Nagtatag din sila ng plantasyon ng tubo sa
West Indies. Naagaw nila mula sa espanol ang Jamaica.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">West Indies</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> – archipelago sa pagitan ng timog
silangan ng North America at Hilagang bahagi ng South America.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Nagtatag sila ng 13 na kolonya sa dalampasigan ng Atlantic
Ocean na nang lumaon ay bumuo sa United States of America.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">French<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Jacques Cartier</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> – naabot niya ang St. Lawrence River
at ipinasailalim ang silangang bahagi ngayon ng Canada. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Samuel de Champlain</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> – itinatag agn Quebec bilang unang
permanenteng kolonyang Frence at Sentro ng Kalakalan ng Fur o balahibo ng
hayop.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Louis Jolliet and
Jacques Marquette(Jesuit</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">) – naabot ang Mississippi River at naglakbay hanggang Arkansas River.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Rene-Robert Cavalier </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">– pinangaunahan ang ekspedisyon sa
Mississippi River hanggang Gulf of Mexico at inialay ang mga lupain sa Hari ng
France na si Louis at tinawag itong Louisiana.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Epekto ng Eksplorasyon<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Naging
sentro ng kalakalan ang Europe<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Nabuwag
ang monopolyo ng Venetian<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Circumnavigation<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pagtaas
ng populasyon<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Paglaganap
ng sakit (yellow fever; malaria)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Columbian
Exchange – pagpapalitan ng hayop, halaman at sakit.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pagbuo
ng bagong lahi na mestizo<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Kalakalan
ng mga Alipin sa pamamagitan ng tight packing.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09933937718169790923noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7182399755979143933.post-39470172378198466502015-06-21T19:00:00.000-07:002015-06-21T19:00:00.483-07:00World History (Chapter 23)<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
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<b><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></b>
<b><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Aralin 23 : Repormasyon at Kontra-Repormasyon<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Age of Reformation</b> – naging laganap ang pagbatikos sa mga doctrina
at mga gawi ng simbahan at humatong ito sa pagtatatag ng hiwalay na sangay ng
simbahang kristiyano, ang simbahang protestante.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>John Wycliffe</b> (iskolar sa Oxford University) at <b>John Huss</b> (University of Prague sa
bohemia) – mga repormista na humamon sa kapangyarihan ng simbahan na maging
daan sa kaligtasan ng kaluluwa, at tiningnan ang <b>bibliya</b> bilang <b>pinakamataas
na awtoridad sa kaligtasan.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Simula ng Protestantismo<o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Martin Luther</b> - anak nina
Hans Luther at Margareth Linderman. Ipinanganak sya noong Nobyembre 10, 1483 sa
Eisleben, Germany. Noong 1512, nagtapos sya ng <i>doctorate in Theology</i> sa <b>University
of Wittenburg.</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Noong 1517 – itinuturing na nagsimula
<b>ang repormasyon</b> nang <b>tinuligsa ni Luther</b> ang <b>pagbebenta ng indulhensiya ng simbahan.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Indulhensiya</b> – <b>pagpapababa
ng parusang ipinataw</b> sa isang nagkasala</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Johann Tetzel</b> – <b>nagpunta sa
Wittenburg upang</b> <b>magbenta ng
indulhensy</b>a noong 1517. Ang bahagi ng makukuha nyang <b>pera</b> ay sa <b>muling
pagsasaayos ng St Peter’s Basilica</b> at ang matitira ay <b>ipambabayad sa utang ng arsobispong bumili ng posisyon sa papa.</b>
Dahil dito, ipinaskil ni Luther ang <b>Ninety-Five
Theses</b> sa <b>pintuan ng Simbahan ng
Wittenburg.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Ninety-Five Theses</b> – ipinahayag dito na;</div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b>hindi sa
mabubuting gawa</b> makakamit ang <b>kaligtasan
</b>kundi sa <b>pananampalataya.</b> </div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Binigyang diin nya ang <b>relasyon ng tao sa diyos na taliwas sa simbahan.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Frederick</b> – <i>elector ng Saxony</i>.
<b>Sumuporta kay Luther</b> at nagsilbing
proteksyon laban sa simbahan.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
1520 – nang napasakamay ni Luther
ang <b>sulat ng pagiging ekskomulgado</b>
mula kay <b>Pope Leo</b>, <b>sinunog nya ito.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Mga Akda ni Martin Luther<o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><u>Address to the Christian Nobility of the German Nation</u></b>
(1520) – naghihikayat na gamitin ang pwersa ng military upang mapilitan
talakayin ng simbahan ang mga reporma.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><u>The Freedom of a Christian Man</u></b> (1520) – nakasaad dito na ang
<b>tunay na kalayaan</b> ay makakamit sa
pamamagitan ng <b>pananampalataya kay
Kristo.</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
1521 –<b> inimbitahan</b> ni <b>Charles V</b>
si <b>Luther</b> sa <b>Diet of Worms</b> upang ipaliwanag ang kanyang ideya at humingi ng
paumanhin para dito, subalit tumanggi si Luther at upang makaiwas sa parusa,
siya ay <b>nagtago</b> sa <i>Palasyo ng Wartsburg</i> at isinalin <b>ang Bagong Tipan sa wikang German.</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Paglaganap ng Repormasyon<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Tinutulan ng mga German ang
paglabas ng kanilang salapi tungo sa Rome bilang bahagi ng buwis sa simbahan.
Nakita ng mga <b>German</b> <b>ang Protestantismo</b> na <b>paraan upang mapalaya ang Germany mula sa kontrol
ng dayuhan.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Pag-aalsa ng mga Magbubukid<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Peasant’s War</b> – ang <b><i>pag-aalsa ng 300,000 na magbubukid</i></b><i> </i>na german laban sa mga landlord noong
1524. Subalit ito ay <b>tinuligsa ni </b>Luther
at sinabing <i>dapat pahalagahan ng
mamamayan ang awtoridad.<o:p></o:p></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Peace of Augsburg</b> – kasunduan na nilagdaan ni <b>Charles V</b> at ng pwersa ng <b>Schmalkaldic
League</b> noong <b>Sept. 25, 1555 </b>sa <b>Augsburg,Germany.</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Nakasaad dito ang dictum na <b>“cuius regio, eius religio”</b> (<i>whoever
rules, his religion</i>)</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Naging epekto nito ang pagtanggap <b>ng Holy Roman Empire</b> sa mga <b>Lutheran.</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Naging <b>Protestante</b>
ang <b>hilagang germany</b> habang <b>Katoliko</b> naman ang <b>Timog.</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Isa sa mga <b>pinagsisihan
ni Charles V bago sya namatay.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Schmalkaldic League</b> – <b>alyansa</b>
ng mga <b>teritoryong protestante sa Holy
Roman Empire.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Zwingli at Calvin</span><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Ulrich Zwingli (1481-1531) </b> –
nagmula sa <i>Zurich, Switzerland. </i>Ayon
sa kanya, <i><u>dapat itigil ng simbahan ang
mga gawain na hindi nakasaad sa bibliya.</u></i> Para sa kanya, <i>ang Eucharist ay simbolo lamang</i> subalit
ito sy salungat sa <b>ideya ni Luther</b>
na ang <b>Eucharist ay <i><u>transpormasyon </u></i>ng katawan at dugo ni Kristo.</b> Naging
kauna-unahang estadong protestante sa labas ng germany ang Zurich dahil sa
kanyang pagpupunyagi.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>John Calvin (1509-1564)</b> – naniniwala si Calvin sa <b>konsepto ng predestinasyon.</b> Ang mga tao
ay pinipili ng diyos para sa kaligtasan at syang bubuo ng Simbahang Calvinist.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Institutes of the Christian Religion</b> (1536) - dito nakasaad ang<i> ideya ni Calvin ukol sa predestinasyon.<o:p></o:p></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Calvinism</b> – <b>uri ng
protestantismo</b> na <b>pinaunlad ni
Calvin</b>. Lumaganap din ito sa Holland, Hungary at Bohemia. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Huguenot</b> – mga <i>taga-sunod ni
Calvin sa France</i>.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>John Knox </b>– Scottish na protestante na <i>nagpalaganap sa ideya ni Calvin</i> at noong 16-siglo <i>naitatag ang </i><b>Simbahang Prebysterian. <i><o:p></o:p></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Paghihiwalay ng England sa Simbahang Roman.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Dulot ng <b>politikal
at personal na salik</b> ang paglakas ng protestantismo sa England.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Henry VIII</b> – hiningi nya ang <i>basbas
ng Papa</i> upang mapakasalan si <i>Catherine
of Aragon</i> na <u>byuda ng kanyang kapatid</u>, subalit hindi sya nabigyan ng
anak na lalaki sa halip ay si <b>Mary I.</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Anne Boleyn</b> – nais syang pakasalan ni Henry VIII subalit kailangang
<i>mapawalang bisa ang kasal nila ni
Catherine of Aragon.</i> <b>Nabigo si Henry
VIII</b> na hilingin kay <b>Pope Clement
VII </b>at <b>tinanggal niya sa pwesto</b>
ang kanyang tagapayo na si <b>Thomas
Cardinal Wolsey</b> at <b><i><u>ipinalit si Thomas Cranmer at Thomas
Cromwell</u></i></b> na <i>tagasunod ni
Luther.</i> Pinayuhan nila ang hari na <i>mas
makabubuti na humiwalay ang Simbahan ng England sa Simbahang Roman</i> at <i>maging pinuno ng simbahan</i> ang hari upang
mapawalang bisa ang kasal.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Act of Succession (1534)</b> – Noong 1533, nang ikinasal sina Anne
Boleyn at Henry VIII, ito ay idineklara noong 1534 ng parlamento na ang <b>lahat ng anak nila ni Anne ay lehitimong
tagapagmana ng trono.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Act of Supremacy (1534)</b> – kinilala ang <b>hari</b> bilang <b>pinakamataas na
pinuno ng simbahan</b>.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
May 19 1536 – <b>pinugutan ng ulo si Anne Boleyn</b> sa <b>paratang ni Henry VIII ng pakikiapid.</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Edward VI</b> – anak ni <b>Jane
Seymour</b>, pangatlong asawa ni Henry VIII. Naganap ang pagbabago ng relihiyon
sa pahanon nya sa trono nang <b>9 na taong
gulang pa lamang sya.</b> Mga pagbabago sa protestantismo.</div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Pagpapahintulot sa <b>paring mag-asawa</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Pagutos na gamitin ang <b>The Book of the Common Prayer ni Cranmer.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Pagtanggal</b>
ng mga <b>imahen at altar</b> ng mga
simbahan.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Mary I</b> – anak ni Catherine of Aragon. Nang namatay si Edward VI,
sya ang pumalit na reyna. Dahil na rin sa kadahilanang <b><u>naging ilehitimong anak sya dahil sa prostantismo</u></b> at sa
pagiging katoliko rin, naging taliwas ang paniniwala ni Edward at <b>ipinapatay ang mga protestante</b> at
naging dahilang kung bakit sya tinawag na <b>“Bloody
Mary”.</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Elizabeth</b> I – anak ni Anne Boleyn, minana nya ang trono noong 1558.
Tinangka nyang <b><u>panatilihin ang
katolisismo nang hindi tinatanggal ang protestantismo</u></b>. Idineklara syang
<i>ekskomulgado ni Pope Pius V noong 1570.</i>
Maraming nagtangka sa kanyangbuhay nguniy nakaligtas sya. Siya ang itinuturing
na <b>pinakamahusay na pinuno ng England</b>
dahil narating ng England ang <b>Golden Age noong mga panahon nya.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Sagot ng Simbahang Katoliko<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Kontra-Repormasyon <o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Society of Jesus</b> – itinatag ni <b>Ignatius
ng Loyola</b> noong 1534. Sa mga aral nya, ay <b><i><u>nakatuon sa pagsasakripisyon
ng sarili para sa kausutan ng simbahan at sa self-mastery</u></i></b>. Ito ay
nakasaad sa kanyang akdang <b>Spiritual
Exercises (1548)</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Jesuit</b> – ito ang mga nakilalang <b>kasapi ng Society of Jesus</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Inquisition</b> – pinarusahan ang mga protestante sa mga lugar na mga
katoliko ang namamayani at sa mga lugar ng protestante ang mga katoliko ang
pinarusahan.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Council of Trent</b> – ipinatawag ni <b>Pope Paul III</b> at naging <b>resulta
ang pagpapatatag ng ilang reporma sa simbahan</b>.</div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Pagbabawal
sa pagbebenta ng indulhensya<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Pagpapatayo
ng seminaryo</b> at <b>pagtira</b> ng <b>Obispo sa lugar na pinamumunuan nila.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Kababaihan sa panahon ng Repormasyon<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Vernacular</b> – <b>wikang
pangkaraniwang ginagamit ng isang grupo ng tao.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Katherine Von Bora</b> – <b>asawa
ni Martin Luther</b> na tinulungang nyang tumakas sa <b>kumbento ng nimschen. Sinuportahan nya ang kanyang asawa</b> sa lahat
ng pakikipagtunggali nito.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Catherine Cibo</b> – <b>duchess of
Camerino, Italy</b> at pamangkin <b>ni Pope
Clement VII </b>na naging <b>aktibo sa
pagreporma ng simbahang katoliko<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Matteo de Bascio</b> – <b>pinangungunahan
ang Capuchin</b> at ninais na sumunod sa pangako ng kahirapan at magsuot sila
ng abito na may hood na patulis. Dahil dito, <b>ipinahuli sya ngunit sa impluwensya ni Catherine sya ay nakalaya. <o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Capuchin</b> –<b>pwersa ng
restorasyong katoliko</b> dahil inialay nila ang serbisyo nang itatag ni Pope
Gre<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_GoBack"></a>gory XV ang Propaganda Fide. Ito ang pinakamalaking
delegasyon sa Propaganda Fide.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Propaganda Fide</b> – <b>kongregasyon
ng mga cardinal ng simbahang katoliko</b> na ang tungkulin ay ang mangasiwa sa
mga gawaing misyoneryo.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Pamana ng Repormasyon<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Paglaho
ng pagkakaisang relihiyon</b> ng Kanluran at Gitnang Europa.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Paglaganap
ng Edukasyon<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<br />
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Pagdami
ng mga unibersidad</b> dahil sa mga Jesuit.</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09933937718169790923noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7182399755979143933.post-8804133418134276352015-06-20T19:00:00.000-07:002015-06-20T19:00:01.985-07:00World History (Chapter 22)<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://feelgrafix.com/data_images/out/28/959355-renaissance.jpg" target="_blank"><img border="0" height="440" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgC2-CrWP39hvtvvpFmyBdpoBwLZRQLzTJhTWb2Usp1sjRPXoOq_CSlLvxk58AaTyvmpsTp3JbbYD1wyL_XBuJTQv08PXrsCyTHzrXSwxQCgG0E3B2YjOPi9L5jObr6aXXMdVNGm1-Myq4/s640/959355-renaissance.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Aralin 22: Panahon ng Renaissance<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Sekularismo</b> – paniniwalang ang mga <b>gawain ng tao</b> ay <b>dapat
nakabatay</b> sa <b>ebidensya at
katotohanan</b> at hindi sa pamahiin at paniniwalang panrelihiyon.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Great Schism</b> (1400) – panahon kung saan nagsimula ang paghina ng
simbahan nang <b>2 pari ang namuno</b>; Isa
sa <b>Rome</b> (suportado ng <b>England</b>) at <b>Avignon</b> (suportado ng <b>France</b>)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Renaissance</b> – <b>“muling
pagsilang” o “rebirth”</b>; Isang <b>kilusang
kultural</b> na nagtatangkang <b>ibalik ang
sinaunang kulturang Greek at Roman</b>; Isang panahon ng <b>transisyon </b>mula sa <b>middle
age</b>s tungo sa <b>modernong panahon</b>.</div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Naghudyat ng pagbibigay <b>atensyon</b> sa mga <b>ambag ng tao<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Pagbabago</b>
sa pagtingin sa <b>politika, relihiyon, at
pag-aaral<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Nagudyok</b>
sa mga <b>Europeo</b> na <b>marating</b> ang iba’t ibang <b>bahagi ng daigdig</b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Nagbigay daan sa <b>pagtatatag ng imperyo at kolonya<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Hinimok ang pagiging <b>malikhain sa sining<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Nagsimula ang Renaissance sa <b>Italy</b> at lumaganap sa <b>Germany, France, England at Spain.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Umusbong ang mga <b>lungsod-estado</b> sa <b>Italy</b> tulad ng <b>Milan,
Florence, Venice, Mantua, Ferrara, Padua, Bologna, at Genoa</b> na ang yaman ay
nanggagaling sa <b>kalakalan at industriya.</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Ang <b>Pamilyang Medici </b>- Sila ay
mga <b>mangangalakal at banker</b> na
yumaman at sinasabing <b>gumabay sa
kapalaran ng Florence, Italy.</b> Sa pamilyang ito nagmula ang 3 Papa (<b>Leo X, Clement VII, Leo XI</b>) at 2 reyna
(<b>Catherine de’ Medici, Marie de’ Medici</b>)
at iba pang Cardinal.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Nagpatayo ng <b>pampublikong aklatan </b> na
naging <b>sentro ng pag-aaral.</b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Sumuporta</b>
sa mga <b>pintor at eskultor</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Nagiimbita
</b>ng mga <b>pilosopo</b> sa palasyo</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Nagpapadala
</b>ng mga intelektuwal sa <b>Greece </b>upang
humanap ng <b>sinaunang manuskrito.</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Humanismo</b> – <b>kilusang
intelektuwal</b> na naniniwalang dapat pag-aralan ang <b>kultura ng Greek at Roman</b> upang magkaroon ng <b>moral at epektibong pamumuhay.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Humanista</b> – <b>nanguna</b> sa
pag-aaral sa klasikal na <b>Sibilisasyon ng
Greek at Romans</b>; mula sa <b>salitang
Italian</b> na nangangahulugang <b>“Guro ng
humanidades, patikular ang wikang latin”<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Humanidades o Humanities</b> – pinag-aaralan dito ang mga <b>wikang</b> <b>Latin at Greek, komposisyon, retorika, kasaysayan, pilosopiya,
matematika at musika.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Kaibahan ng mga Humanista sa
Iskolar noong Middle Ages</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 13.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: 4.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Iskolar
ng Middle Ages</b> – ginamit nila ang pag-aaral ng <b>klasikal na pananaw</b> na <b>kristiyano</b>
at ang <b>pilosopong griyego</b> upang <b>patotohanan ang simbahan</b>.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 13.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: 4.5pt;">
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Humanista</b>
– ginamit nila ang <b>panitikan</b> sa <b>sarili nitong katangian</b> at hinalaw nila
ang mga <b>pilosopiyang griyego</b> at nagsilbing
<b>gabay sa paglinang</b> sa <b>sariling kakayahan </b>at kung papaano <b>mabuhay ng matiwasay.</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Francesco Petrarch</b> – <b>“Ama ng
Humanismo”; </b>sa pag-aaral ng <b>Latin</b>,
pinagtuunan nya ng pansin ang <b>iniisip at
nararadaman</b> ng mga <b>roman</b>.
Hinikayat nya ang mga <b>mag-aaral </b>na
matuto ng wikang <b>Greek</b> at natutuhan
nya na <b>“Ang edukasyon ay hindi lamang
simpleng pagkatuto kundi paano maipahayag ang kaalaman at gamitin para sa
ikauunlad ng mamamayan.”</b> Paborito nya <b>si
Cicero</b> na <b>mananalumpati</b>. Noong
1374, natagpuan syang patay sa aklatan na nakasubsob sa isang libro.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Mga Ambag ng Renaissance sa iba’t ibang larangan<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Politika<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
– <b>naglaban-laban</b>
sa <b>pamumuno</b> ang Papa, emperador, at
mga pinuno na hangaring <b>maibalik</b> ang
<b>katanyagan</b> na maihahalintulad sa
naganap <b>sa Imperyong Roman.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Niccolo Machiavelli</b> - isinulat ang <b><i>The Prince</i></b> upang <b>magmungkahi </b>kung paano <b>mamuno ng epektibo</b> sa mga <b>Medici</b>; Ayon sa kanya, ang paggamit ng <b>pwersa ay unahin</b> kaysa sa <b>kabutihan</b>. “<i><u>The end justifies the means</u></i>.”</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Kasaysayan</b> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
– naniniwala ang humanista na <b>mahalaga</b> pag-aaral nito upang <b>maunawaan</b> ang <b>panahong</b> kanilang <b>kinabibilangan.</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<i>Declamation Concerning the False Decretals of Constantine</i>
(1439-1440) – sanaysay ni <b>Lorenzo Valla</b>
<b>(1406-1457).</b> Nakasaad dito na huwad
ang dokumentong nagpatunay na <b>inilipat
ni Haring Constantine</b> ang <b>kapangyarihan</b>
sa <b>Santo Papa</b> ang pamumuno sa <b>kanlurang</b> bahagi ng <b>Imperyong Roman</b> nang inilipat nya ang
kabisera.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Panitikan<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Francois Rabelais (1494-1553)</b> – may akda ng <b><i>“Gargantua ang Pantagruel”</i></b>
kung saan ginawang <b>katawa-tawa</b> ang
mga taong <b>hindi naniniwala</b> sa <b>Humanismo.</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Michel de Montaigne (1533-1592)</b> – may akda ng <b><i>Essays</i></b> (1580) na <b>nakaimpluwensya</b>
sa <b>panitikan</b> ng <b>Europe</b> dahil sa paksa ng may akda ukol sa kanyang sarili,
edukasyon, pakikipagkaibigan, at iba pang interes.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra (1547-1616)</b> – may akda ng <b><i>Don
Quixote de la Mancha</i></b> na <b>tumuligsa</b>
sa <b>Medieval</b> na <b>batayan</b> ng <b>katapangan</b> sa
<b>Chivalry</b>.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>William Shakespeare (1564-1616)</b> – sinulat nya ang<b> <i>Julius
Caesar </i></b>(1599-1600) at <b><i>Antony and Cleopatra</i></b> (1606-1607) na <b>hinango sa kasaysayan</b> ng <b>Greek at Roman</b>.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Sining<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
– binigyang <b>halaga</b> ang <b>pagkakaiba</b> ng
<b>mukha at pigura</b> ng tao.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Realismo</b> – tumutukoy sa paglalarawan ng <b>bagay o tao</b> batay sa <b>tunay
na anyo</b> nito.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Giotto di Bondone (1267-1337)</b> – <b>unang gumamit</b> ng <b>technic</b>
sa perspective noong 1400.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Filippo Brunellleschi</b> – paggamit ng <b>mathematical laws</b> upang <b>maipakita
ng malinaw</b> ang perspective.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Jan van Eyck</b> – nagsulong ng <b>Oil-painting</b>.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Leonardo da Vinci</b> – nagpinta ng <b><i>Last Supper</i></b>(1498) at <b><i>Mona
Lisa</i></b> (1593-1507) Ginamit ng mga inhenyero ang kanyang kwaderno upang
gawan ng modelo.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Michelangelo Buonarotti</b> – <b>pinakamahusay
na eskultor</b> ng Renaissance. Ilan sa kanyang mga nagawa ang <b><i>Pieta(1498)</i></b>,
ang kanyang <b><i>pinta sa Sistine Chapel</i></b>, at ang mga <b>plano at disenyo</b> ng <i>St.
Peter’s Basilica</i> sa <i>Vatican</i>. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Raphael Santi</b> – nakilala sa kanyang pinta na <i>Madonna</i> noong (1499 -1520).</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Orazio Gentileschi</b> – may likha ng <i>Portrait of a Young Woman as a Sibyl</i>. (1620)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Kababaihan sa Renaissance</b> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Sa panahong ito, <b>iilang kababaihan</b> lamang ang <b>tinatanggap</b> sa mga <b>unibersidad</b> noong renaissance.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Isotta Nogarola</b> – taga-<b>verona</b>
na may akda ng <i>Dialogue on Adam and Eve</i>
(1451) at <i>Oration on the life of St.
Jerome</i>(1453)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Laura Cereta</b> – mula sa <b>Brecia</b>,
bago sya mamatay sa gulang na 30, <b>isinulong</b>
nya ang <b>pag-aaral para sa kababaihan. <o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<i>Pagsulat ng Tula</i>- <b>Veronica
Franco</b> sa <b><i>Venice</i></b>, at <b>Vittoria
Colonna</b> sa<b><i> Rome</i></b>.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Sofonisba Anguissola </b>– mula sa <b>Cremona</b>
na may likha ng <i>Self Portrait</i>(1554).</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Artemisia Gentileschi</b> – <b>anak
ni Orazio</b>, nagpinta ng <i>Judith and Her
Maidservant with the Head of Holofernes</i>(1625) at <i>Self-Portrait as the Allegory of Painting</i>(1630)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Palimbagan sa Renaissance<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Johann Gutenberg</b> – nakaimbento ng <b>Movable Press</b> na mas <b>moderno</b>
at <b>nakapaglimbag</b> ng isang <b>kopya ng bibliya</b>, noong <b>1450</b>.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Ang <b>akda</b> ng mga <b>Humanista</b> ay
<b>lumaganap</b> sa pamamagitan ng mga <b>palimbagan</b>.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>In Praise of Folly</b> (1511) – <b>Desiderius
Erasmus(1466-1536). </b>Ito ay itinuturing na <b>dahilan</b> ng <b>paglaganap ng
Renaissance</b> bilang <b>pandaigdigang
kilusan</b>.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Ang paglaganap ng ideya tungkol
sa <b>repormasyon at Rebolusyong
Siyentipiko</b> ay <b>dulot ng palimbagan</b>.</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09933937718169790923noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7182399755979143933.post-87714271560506286572015-06-19T19:00:00.000-07:002015-06-19T19:00:02.591-07:00World History (Chapter 21)<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://www.medievalists.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/medieval-Paris-650x453.jpg" target="_blank"><img border="0" height="446" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGBn4PfOqQ0lW4VOmeWNkrvj6xYepNvvMq1xBtbM7c9nObQZcLTwwH8gc_WZiTNb7uDzG9X-lwv6m0ZJ5hxyBMhVVh7uxhjhg3vcOssbYWcMizSPPQL3AzHPhz_2ky_kpb-_rXh2y8ti0/s640/medieval-Paris-650x453.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Aralin 21 : Salik sa Paglakas ng Europa<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<u>Mahalagang Salik sa Paglakas ng Europe<o:p></o:p></u></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Pag- angat ng mga <b>Bourgeoisie</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Merkantilismo<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Pambansang <b>Monarkiya</b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Paglakas ng SImbahang <b>Katoliko</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Bourgeoisie
<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
– “<u>Burgher</u>”; Mula sa “Burgh” sa Medieval France. Sila
ang mga <b>middle class</b> na hindi
naka-depende sa mga landlords kundi sa <b>pangangalakal</b>.
Binubuo sila ng mga banker, shipowner, at mga negosyante. Ang kanilang yaman ay
nangagaling sa <b>industriya at kalakalan.</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
(1700-1800) – <b>Sinuportahan
ng mga Bourgeoisie</b> ang prinsipyo ng konstitusyonalidad at likas na
karapatan laban sa banal na karapatan.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Konstitusyonalidad</b>
– kondisyon kung saan ang tao o bansa ay <b>kumikilos
batay sa</b> isinasaad ng <b>konstitusyon o
saligang batas.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Likas na Karapatan</b>
– <b>unibersal na karapatan</b> gaya ng
karapatang mabuhay.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Banal na karapatan</b>
– ang<b> karapatan</b> ay <b>nasa</b> <b>Diyos at wala sa Hari.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>1900</b> – Nakamit ng
mga Bourgeoisie ang kapangyarihang <b>politikal,
panrehiyon, at sibil</b> sa pagtataguyod ng <b>Liberalismo.</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Liberalismo </b>–
paniniwala na galing sa Europa na nagbibigay ng <b>karapatan sa indibidwal</b> o indibidwalismo; Batay dito, dapat <b>limitahan ang kapangyarihan ng Simbahan at
Pamahalaan</b> at sa ekonomiya ay ang Free Enterprise.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Free Enterprise</b> –
mula sa liberalismo na pangekonomiya kung saan
ang pamilihan ay <b>malaya mula sa
control ng pamilihan.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Merkantilismo<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
–isang doctrinang
binuo upang itaguyod ang kaunlarang
pangekonomiya at kapangyarihang pulitikal; ang pangunahing layunin nito
ay <b>magkaroon ng kayamanan</b> na
magbibigay- daan sa <b>hari na magkaroon ng
kapangyarihan</b> upang makapagpagawa ng barko, pondo ng hukbo at higit
respetuhin ng daigdig.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b> Bullionism</b> – ang <b>tagumpay</b> ng isang bansa ay <b>masusukat
sa dami ng metal</b> sa loob ng kanyang hangganan.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<u>Layunin sa Pag-iral ng Merkantilismo<o:p></o:p></u></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Humanap ng ligtas at kontroladong <b>ruta </b>ng kalakalan.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Pagdami ng mga <b>ginto</b> sa pamamagitan ng pagluluwas ng produkto sa halip na
mag-angkat</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Nasyonalismong
Ekonomiko</b> – ang pagtutustos sa <b>sariling
pangangailangan</b> ng isang bansa upang <b>maiwasan
ang pag-asa</b> sa mga dayuhang produkto.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Paternalismo
</b>– <b>sistema ng pamamahala</b> kung
saan namamahala ay <b>ama sa kanyang
nasasakupan.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Isaalang-alang ang <b>kalusugan</b>
ng mga mamamayan upang sila ay maging <b>produktibo</b>
sa oras na sila ay kinailangan.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>National Monarchy</b>
– sa tulong ng mga Bourgeoisie, <b>lumakas
ang kapangyarihan ng hari</b> sa pamamagitan ng paghirang ng mga tagapagpatupad ng batas, taga-litis at
taga-parusa, dulot nito nakuha nya ang katapatan ng mga mamamayan at sila ay
handang magbayad ng buwis kapalit ng
kanilang proteksyon.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Nation-State</b> –
estado ng mga mamamayan na may <b>magkakatulad
na wika, kultura, relihiyon at kasayasayan.</b> Dulot nito, ang <b>mamamayan</b> ay isang <b>nagkakaisang lahi.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Ang <u>paglakas ng Europe</u> ay <b>nagbigay daan</b> sa paglawak ng impluwesya at unti-unting <b>sinakop Asya, America at Africa.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">England <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
1066 – Sinakop ng Norman ang Anglo- Saxon England.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>William the Conquer</b>
– <i>duke ng</i> <i>Normandy</i> na gumawa ng paraan upang <b>makapagtatag ng kapangyarihan</b> at
<b>nagbabahagi ng lupain</b> sa mga
noble na nangako ng <b>kanilang katapatan.
At proteksyon sa hari.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_GoBack"></a><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Shire</b> –
administratibong <b>distrito na
pinamamahagian ng lupain </b>upang mabalanse at maiwasan ang pag-aalsa ng mga
noble sa hari; pinamumunuan ng <b>Sheriff. </b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Domesday Book</b> – <b>nakalista ang bilang</b> ng mga mga <b>magsasaka, hayop at gamit sa pagsasaka</b>.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
1215 – lumakas ang kapangyarihan ng noble at nag-alsa ang
mga landlords at pinilit ang hari na si John na pumirma sa Magna Carta.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Magna Carta</b> –
batayan ng mga <i>English</i> tungkol sa <b>kalayaan at karapatan</b> ng mga mamamayan.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Mga
Nakasaad sa Magna Carta<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Hindi maaaring makulong ang taong hindi dumaan
sa <b>angkop na paglilitis</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Hindi maaaring itaas ng Hari ang <b>buwis </b>ng walang pahintulot sa <i>Great Council</i>- <b>institusyon </b>na <b>nagpapatibay
sa mga plano ng hari</b> tungkol <b>sa
pagbubuwis</b> at binubuo ng mga <i>Baron at
Obispo.<o:p></o:p></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
1295 – naitatag ang <b>Parlamento
</b>na <b>isang institusyon na nagpapasa ng
batas at nagpapatibay sa sistema ng babubuwis</b> at ito ay <i>nahahati sa 2</i>:</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b>House of
Lords</b> – binubuo ng <b>Obispo at
Nobility<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b>House of
Common</b> – binubuo ng <b>kabalyero at
bourgeoisie<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">France<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Charlemagne</b> – <b>pinanatil</b>i nya ang <b>kasarinlan ng France at napalawak</b> ang teritoryo nito. Sa pagkamatay nya noong 814
C.E, <b>ipinamana </b>nya sa kanyang anak
na si <b>Louis the Pious ang imperyo</b>.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Treaty of Verdun</b>
– nagkaroon ng <b>tatlong anak ni Louis the
Pious</b> at <b>hinati ang imperyo sa
pamamagitan nito</b>. At Dahil sa alitan sa pagitan ng tatlong anak, tuluyang <b>bumagsak ang imperyo </b>sa pagdating ng
mga <i>Magyar, Muslim at Viking.</i><b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Capetian</b> – <b>pumalit sa imperyo ng Carolingian</b> sa
pamamagitan ng pagkamkam ng lupain.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Paglakas ng SImbahang
Katoliko<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
1073 – naging mas makapangyarihan ang Simbahan nang <b>itakda</b> ni <b>Papa Gregory VII</b> na <b>ang
lipunan ay napapasailalim sa batas ng Diyos.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Henry IV</b> –
humiling na <b>pababain sa pwesto</b> si
Pope Gregory VII dahil nakakaapekto sa
usaping politikal ng mga German ang relihiyon at dulot nito, idineklara ng papa
ang pagiging <b>ekskomulgado ng hari</b>.
Hiniling ng Hari na tanggalin ang ekskomulgasyon sa kanya, nang hindi pumayag
ang papa tumayo si Henry IV ng nakayapak.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Concordat of Worms </b>(1122)
– kumilala sa <b>Obispo</b> bilang <b>lider-espiritwal ng simbahan at pangunahing
landlord.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
Nabuo <b>ang imahen ng
Europe</b> bilang isang <b>malawak na
kabuuang Kristiyano</b> – <i>ang Republica
Christiana</i> na <u>pinamumunuan ng mga <b>Hari</b>
sa patnubay ng <b>Papa.</b><o:p></o:p></u></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09933937718169790923noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7182399755979143933.post-6738115646891230282015-06-18T19:00:00.000-07:002015-06-18T19:00:03.240-07:00World History (Chapter 20)<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://www.jpkc.sdu.edu.cn/culture/britishliterature/contents/21_pilgrim_imgA9.jpg" target="_blank"><img border="0" height="442" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjT4CcuGBd7wipVFZrMp3IwojBMPZEMikLONllS4VqtbeA4HfYg1Bvridh7n46xD6YAE8wIqZlcDiiPcLQYfhb7rh8P-ET-WTMHSdL4sBDMsIiCYiGoXnxWFdSNr-a9SuNt31yIwymldsw/s640/21_pilgrim_imgA9.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH" style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Aralin 20: Paglakas ng Kalakalan at ang Pag-usbong ng mga
Bayan at Lungsod<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">High
Middle Ages (1050-1270)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Pagtuklas
sa Bagong Pamamaraan ng Pagsasaka<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FIL-PH" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FIL-PH">Naimbento ang isang bago at
mas mabigat na araro na gawa sa bakal.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FIL-PH" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FIL-PH">Napalitaw ngayon ang matabang
lupang mapagpupunlaan </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FIL-PH" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FIL-PH">Pinalitan ang mga kabayo ng
mga baka</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FIL-PH" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FIL-PH">Ginamit din ang mga kabayo sa
paghila ng mga kariton.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FIL-PH" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FIL-PH">Nagtayo ng mga Dike upang
makotrol ang tubig</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Pagtaas
ng Populasyon<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">1000
– 1150 C.E</span></b><span lang="FIL-PH"> – tumaas ang populasyon ng 40
porsyento. Mula 30 mil naging 42 mil.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Pag-unlad
ng mga Bayan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Town</span></b><span lang="FIL-PH"> – isang uri ng pamayanan na ang ikibabubuhay ay kalakalan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="FIL-PH">Lumalago ang mga bayan sa pagusbong ng
kalakalan, Lumalakas ang kalakalan sa pagusbong bayan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Ford
</span></b><span lang="FIL-PH">– tawiran ng ilog, tulay o dam.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Faubourg
</span></b><span lang="FIL-PH">– bahagi ng bayan sa labas ng pader na ang ibid
sabihin ay sa labas ng Burg o moog.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Ang
mga Bourgeoisie<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Burgh</span></b><span lang="FIL-PH"> – ang tawag sa mga bayan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Burgher</span></b><span lang="FIL-PH"> – tawag sa mga taong nakatira s abayan</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Bourgeoisie</span></b><span lang="FIL-PH"> – kolektibong tawag ng mga France sa burgher.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="FIL-PH">Sila ay nagkakaloob ng produkto at
serbisyo na ikinakalakal</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="FIL-PH">SIla ay bumuo sa bangong pangkat ng
lipuang Middle Class.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Fair</span></b><span lang="FIL-PH"> – nagsilbing tagpuan ng ma mangangalakal mula sa iba’t ibang
bahagi ng Europe; itinayo ng mga landlord na nagdudulot sa kanila ng karagdagang
kita galing sa buwis, upa at multa. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Ang
Paggamit ng Salapi<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="FIL-PH">Mula sa mga <b>Fair</b>, umusbong ang kalakalang nakabatay sa pera. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="FIL-PH">Ang ibang mangangalakal ay nakilahok
bilang <b>Money Changer</b> o tagapalit ng
salapi. Nang lumaon, nagtayo na sila ng mga kubo malapit doon at nagsimulang
magpautang ng may interes.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="FIL-PH">Nagsimula sa mga fair ang pamamaraan ng
pagbabangko at pagpapautang.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Sistemang
Guild<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Guild
</span></b><span lang="FIL-PH">– samahan ng mga taong nagtatrabaho sa magkatulad
na hanapbuhay,</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Merchant
Guild</span></b><span lang="FIL-PH" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span><span lang="FIL-PH">– unang guild.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="FIL-PH">Kontrolado nila ang lahat ng kalakalan sa
bayan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="FIL-PH">Dahil sa kanilang yaman, naging
ma-impluwenya sila sa mga lord. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="FIL-PH">Naging mahalaga sila at hinikayat ang
pagkakaroon ng sistema ng kalinisan at gumawa ng mga kanal para sa mga dumi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Craft Guild<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="FIL-PH">Nagtatag ang mga artisano ng sarili nilang
Guild.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="FIL-PH">Bawat kasanayan ay may sariling guild</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="FIL-PH">Proseso ng Pagiging Master Cratsman</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="FIL-PH">Maglilingkod mula 3 -1 2 taon bilang
apprentice. Nakatira sya sa bahay ng Master Craftsman habang hinahasa ang
kanyang kasanayan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="FIL-PH">Kapag tapos na ang kaniyang pag-aaral,
itinuturing na sya bilang Journey Man at maaari na syang tumanggap ng bayad at
tanggapin sa mga guild.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="FIL-PH">Limitado ang dami ng mga kasapi ng guild.
Bawat guild ay may takda o specification kung paano ito ginagawa, gagawin, ang
kalidad ng produkto at kung ilang oras ito gagawin.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_GoBack"></a></span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09933937718169790923noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7182399755979143933.post-19998042187242139122015-06-17T19:00:00.000-07:002015-06-17T19:00:01.647-07:00World History (Chapter 19)<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH" style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://neroworldvision.files.wordpress.com/2012/07/freimaurerei_pyramide.jpg" target="_blank"><img border="0" height="436" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLZpbxmyFjMXjjL20sHdFYacq8F9ZkapUZ4YTQcNPWYvR80qNUxlbeCc7HYSMgO0mBb9ieQMvOrU-0c6ki6lqWtoNZgqPlI-duVqnfDwukdFTMEdOYfyxivORslC9vhijSjZfsgq2dDEc/s640/freimaurerei_pyramide.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH" style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Aralin 19: <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_GoBack">PIYADULISMO AT MANORYALISMO</a><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Feudalism/Piyudalismo</span></b><span lang="FIL-PH"> – ang pamumuhay na walang sentralisadong pamahalaan o pamumuno
kung kaya ang kapangyarihan ay nasa kamay ng mga kapangyarihan ay nasa kamay ng
mga panginoong maylupa na bumuo ng sari-sariling hukbong magtanggol sa kanila.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Lord</span></b><span lang="FIL-PH"> – panginoong may-lupa; Liege
o Suzerain</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Fief
</span></b><span lang="FIL-PH">– lupang ipinagkaloob sa vassal</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Vassal
</span></b><span lang="FIL-PH">– isa ring lord dahil siya ay may-ari ng lupa</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Homage
</span></b><span lang="FIL-PH">– seremonya kung saan inilalagay ng vassal ang
kanyang mga kamay sa pagitan ng mga kamay ng lord at nangangako rito na siya ay
magiging tapat na tauhan rito</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Investiture
</span></b><span lang="FIL-PH">– seremonya ito kung saan binibigyan ng lord ang
vassal ng fief</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Oath
of Fealthy</span></b><span lang="FIL-PH"> – sumpa kung saan binibigyan ng lord sa
vassal bilang sagisag ng ipinagkaloob na fief</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Nakapaloob
dito ang mga sumusunod na tungkulin ng lord:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FIL-PH" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FIL-PH">Tungkulin ng lord na
suportahan ang pangangailangan ng vassal sa pamamagitan ng pagkakaloob ng fief</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FIL-PH" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FIL-PH">Tungkulin din ng lord na
ipagtanggol ang kanyang vassal laban sa mga mananalakay o masasamang-loob at
maglapat ng nararapat na katarungan sa lahat ng mga alitan</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Mga
tungkulin ng mga vassal:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FIL-PH" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FIL-PH">Pangunahing tungkulin ng
vassal ay magkaloob ng serbisyong pangmilitar</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FIL-PH" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FIL-PH">Magbigay ng ilang kaukulang
pagbabayad tulad ng ransom o pantubos kung mabihag ang lord sa digmaan</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FIL-PH" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FIL-PH">Tumulong sa paghahanap ng
sapat na salapi para sa dowry ng panganay na dalaga ng lord at para sa gastusin
ng seremonya ng pagiging knight ng panganay na lalaki ng lord</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Knight
- </span></b><span lang="FIL-PH">Isang mandirigmang makasakay sa kabayo at
nanumpa ng katapatan sa kanyang lord<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Proseso
ng pagiging Knight<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FIL-PH" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FIL-PH">Ang isang l<b>ord o vassal</b> ay nasa pangangalaga ng
kanyang ina mula pagkapanganak hanggang ikapitong taong gulang</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FIL-PH" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FIL-PH">Pagkasapit ng ikapitong taon,
siya ay ipapadala sa isang lord upang maging page (isang batang lalaki na
tagapaglingkod habang nagsasanay maging knight). Sa loob ng pitong taon, sasanayin
siya ng lord sa paggamit ng mga sandata at pagsakay sa kabayo.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FIL-PH" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FIL-PH">Pagkatapos nito, siya ay
sasailalim sa pitong taon pang pagsasanay bilang squire.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FIL-PH" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FIL-PH">Ang squire ay sumasama sa mga
competition ng kanyang master at sa mga pangangaso. Sumasama rin sila sa mga
labanang kinasasangkutan ng kanyang master.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Chivalry</span></b><span lang="FIL-PH"> – ang knight ay sumusunod sa alituntunin ng kilos at asal ng isang
knight.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="FIL-PH">- hango sa mga salitang French <i>“chevel</i>”na nangunguhulugang “kabayo” at
sa “chevalier” na nangangahulugang <b>“mandirigma
sa kabayo”.</b><br />
<br />
<b>Mga Alituntunin sa Kilos at Asal ng
Knight</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Ang
knight ay:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FIL-PH" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FIL-PH">Tapat at magalang.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FIL-PH" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FIL-PH">Kilala sa pagiging matapang at
malakas.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FIL-PH" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FIL-PH">Isang tunay na kaibigan at
likas na pinuno.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FIL-PH" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FIL-PH">Inaasahan na ang isang knight
ay ipagtatanggol ang Simbahan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FIL-PH" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FIL-PH">Nakasuot ng isang chainmail
(isang uri ng baluti na binubuo ng magkakabit na bakal upang bigyan siya ng
proteksyon) upang bigyan siya ng proteksiyon sa pag-atake ng kanyang mga
kalaban.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="FIL-PH">Ang mga panitikan tungkol sa chivalry ay
tinatawag na <b>chansons de geste</b>. Ito
ay isang mahahabang tula tungkol sa mga dakilang gawain ng mga knight; sa mga
tema ng dangal at panlilinlang; pag-ibig at digmaan; at tagumpay at pagkatalo.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Chretien
de Troyes</span></b><span lang="FIL-PH"> – sumulat tungkol sa buhay ni King
Arthur at ang mga knight ng round table.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Gottfried
von Strassburg</span></b><span lang="FIL-PH"> – sumulat sa pag-iibigan nina
Tristan at Isolde</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">The
Song of Roland</span></b><span lang="FIL-PH"> – paboritong chanson ng mga French;
ukol sa pakikibaka ni Roland at ng Twelve Peers niya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Manoryalismo
</span></b><span lang="FIL-PH">– sistemang gumagabay sa paraan ng pagsasaka, ng
buhay ng mga magbubukid, at ng kanilang ugnayan sa isa’t isa at sa lord ng
manor.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Manor</span></b><span lang="FIL-PH"> – isang malaking lupaing sinasaka.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Common</span></b><span lang="FIL-PH"> – lugar na ginagamit bilang pastulan ng mga alagang hayop ng mga
karaniwang tao.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Tatlong
uri ng mga magbubukid<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FIL-PH" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FIL-PH">Alipin na maaaring bilhin at
ipagbili tulad ng hayop.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FIL-PH" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FIL-PH">Mga serf na hindi maaring
umalis ng manor at hindi rin maaring paalisin sa manor.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FIL-PH" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FIL-PH">Ang mga freeman ay ang mga
pinalayang alipin na kadalasan ay may sariling lupa. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Three
field system</span></b><span lang="FIL-PH"> – ang lupain ay hinahati sa tatlong
bahagi. Ang isang bahagi ay tataniman ng ibang tanim, at ikalawa ay iba ulit
tanim at sa pangatlo ay walang itatanim. Sa susunod na taon, ganun ulit ngunit
ibang lupain naman.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="FIL-PH">Sa tabi ng sinasakang bukid ay may isa o
dalawang nayon kung saan naninirahan ang mga magbubukid ng sinasakang lupa.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="FIL-PH">Ang bawat nayon ay may simbahan na
nagsisilbing sentro ng buhay rito.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="FIL-PH">May lugar rin ang karpintero, panday, at
panadero.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Kastilyo</span></b><span lang="FIL-PH"> – tirahan ng lord</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Keep</span></b><span lang="FIL-PH"> – malaking tore na lubos na pinagtibay upang maging ligtas na
taguan ng mga tao sa panahon ng pananalakay ng mga kaaway</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Rampart
</span></b><span lang="FIL-PH">– isang mataas na bunton ng lupa malapit sa itaas
ng pader upang buhusan ng mainit na langis o maghagis ng mabibigat na bato sa
mga kaaway sa ibaba</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Moat
</span></b><span lang="FIL-PH">– bambang sa labas ng pader</span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09933937718169790923noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7182399755979143933.post-70405167946404128662015-06-15T20:43:00.002-07:002015-06-15T20:43:46.694-07:00World History (Chapter 18)<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://farm6.static.flickr.com/5139/5523178415_e6e6337a54.jpg" target="_blank"><img border="0" height="435" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPgZ0JsyneOSZWghnLVOvtSc4J8ZqOEcEg6gF3rnGXUA_DEPFiseH5YT64nUk54o6A3yAWc1gp6QxN9Nmv7YwUkqiW965PBTm8Gyu_AkPkKyCqeh4RTE82YJDRM1VFPp8Nui5wTlEkurc/s640/5523178415_e6e6337a54.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH" style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_GoBack"><b><span lang="FIL-PH" style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Aralin 18 : Panahon ng
Pananampalataya<o:p></o:p></span></b></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Ang
Paglakas ng Kristiyanismo</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Doctrina
ng Kristiyanismo </span></b><span lang="FIL-PH">– nagbibigay ng malalim na
pananampalataya at pananalig sa pagkakaroon ng isang makapangyarihang diyos.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Ang
mga Unang Simbahan <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Ecclesia</span></b><span lang="FIL-PH"> – <i>“pagpupulong”.</i> Ito ay mga maliliit na grupo na
nagkikita-kita sa mga tahanan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Mga
pinag-tatagan ng Unang Simbahan.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FIL-PH" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FIL-PH">Jerusalem</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FIL-PH" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FIL-PH">Rome</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FIL-PH" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FIL-PH">Alexandria</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FIL-PH" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FIL-PH">Antioch</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FIL-PH" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FIL-PH">Constantinople</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FIL-PH" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FIL-PH">Corinth</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Simbahan
ng Rome</span></b><span lang="FIL-PH"> – itinatag ni Pedro na pangunahing apostol
ni Hesus; at sinasabing namatay sya sa rome bilang martir.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Simbahang
Katoliko</span></b><span lang="FIL-PH"> – katawagang ginamit upang tukuyin ang
Simbahang Kristiyano sa kanluran. Nangangahulugan itong “Universal” o
pangkalahatan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Isang
Panlahat na Pananampalataya<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Old
Testament o Lumang Tipan</span></b><span lang="FIL-PH"> - opisyal na aklat ng mga banal na kasulatan
ng Kristiyanismo.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">New
Testament o Bagong Tipan </span></b><span lang="FIL-PH">– binubuo ng 27 na aklat
na sinulat nina <i>Matthew, Mark, Luke,
Juan.</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Epistle</span></b><span lang="FIL-PH"> – tawag sa mga sulat na may mensahe ng pag-asa at payo na ginamit
ni pablo sa pakikipagugnayan sa mga Kristiyano.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="FIL-PH">Inilagay sa maayos na panuntunan ang
doktrina ng simbahang katoliko sa apat na dalubhasang pari:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l7 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FIL-PH" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="FIL-PH">Ambrose</span></b><span lang="FIL-PH"> (sumulat ng mga himno)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l7 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FIL-PH" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="FIL-PH">Jerome (</span></b><span lang="FIL-PH">isinalin ang bibliya sa Latin
at tinawag na Vulgate)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l7 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FIL-PH" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="FIL-PH">Augustine </span></b><span lang="FIL-PH">( Sumulat ng 3 mahahalagang
aklat; Confessions, De Trinitate, at De Civitate Dei) </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l7 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FIL-PH" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="FIL-PH">Gregory</span></b><span lang="FIL-PH"> (Naghikayat sa mga tao na
manalig sa diyos)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Ang
Organisasyon ng Simbahan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="FIL-PH">May organisasyon ang simbahan upang
mamahala ng lahat ng usapin nito. May hierarchy ito kung saan bawat opisyal ay
may katapat na tungkulin.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Hierarchy
</span></b><span lang="FIL-PH">– sistema ng pagkakasunod-sunod ng awtoridad o
kapangyarihan</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Parokya</span></b><span lang="FIL-PH"> – pinakamababang baitang sa
hierarchy</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Diocese
</span></b><span lang="FIL-PH">– pinagsama-samang parokya na pinamamahalaan ng
obispo na may sariling Cathedral na kinaroroonan ng kanyang Cathedra o Trono.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Obispo
</span></b><span lang="FIL-PH">– may tungkulin na mag-ordina ng bagong pari at
magkumpil ng mga bagong kasapi ng simbahan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Ang
mga Batas ng Simbahan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Canon
law</span></b><span lang="FIL-PH"> – banal na kasulatang sinulat ng mga Papa at
mga alituntuning gawa ng Obispo.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Heresy
</span></b><span lang="FIL-PH">– pinakamasama sa lahat ng krimen na itinuturing
na pagkakasala sa Diyos at hindi sa lipunan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Inquisition</span></b><span lang="FIL-PH"> – hukumang itinatag upang hanapin at parusahan ang mga Heretic o
Erehe.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Erehe
</span></b><span lang="FIL-PH">– tawag sa
mga hindi sumusunod o naniniwala sa mga doktrina o kasulatan</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">1231
</span></b><span lang="FIL-PH">–itinatag ang unang korte ng Inquisistion sa
Germany at Aragon, Spain.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Mga
Sandata na ginamit ng Simbahan laban sa mga lumalabag sa batas <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FIL-PH" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="FIL-PH">Ekskomulgasyo</span></b><span lang="FIL-PH">n – kung saan
ipinagkakait ang serbisyo ng simbahan kasama na ang mga sakrameto, sa isang
nakasala.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FIL-PH" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="FIL-PH">Interdict</span></b><span lang="FIL-PH"> - pagkakait ng serbisyo ng simbahan sa lahat
ng mamamayan kahit isa lamang ang nagkasala</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FIL-PH" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="FIL-PH">Desposition</span></b><span lang="FIL-PH"> – pagpapatalsik sa hari</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Pagtatatag
ng Samahang Pransiskano at Dominiko<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">1300</span></b><span lang="FIL-PH"> – 2 samahan ng pari ang itinatag, lumabas sila sa mundo bilang
misyonero.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">1210
</span></b><span lang="FIL-PH">– Itinatag ni Francis, anak ng isang mayamang
mangangalakal, ang samahang Order of Friars Minor (O.F.M) at tinatawag na
Pransiskano ang mga kasapi. Sila ay hindi maaring mag-asawa at magkaroon ng
ari-arian.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">1216</span></b><span lang="FIL-PH"> – Itinatag ni Dominic, isang paring espanyol, ang samahang Order
of Preachers (O.P) at ang mga kasapi rito ay tinatawag na Dominiko. Sila ay
inilaan para sa pagtuturo.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Pagtatanggol
sa Banal na Lupain<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">1089
C.E</span></b><span lang="FIL-PH"> – nang masakop ng mga Seljuk Turk ang Holy
Land o Jerusalem, ipinagbawal nila ang pagpasok ng mga Kristiyano sa Holy
Sepulchre, kung saan inilibing si Hesus. Binihag din nila ang Antioch, na isa
sa pinakamalaking sentro ng Kristiyanismo.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Panawagan
para sa Krusada<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="FIL-PH">1095 – tumawag ng konseho si Papa Urban II
upang hikayatin ang libo-libong kabalyero na “Kunin ang Krus” at maging isang
Crusader(markado ng krus), at bilang gantipala ay ang pagpapatawad sa kanilang
kasalanan at pagkakaloob ng mga lupain at kalayaan mula sa kanilang utang.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Unang
Krusada (1096-1099)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="FIL-PH">Nilahukan ng 10,000 na nagaway-away
pagdating sa Asia minor kaya naman madaling natalo ng mga Seljuk Turk.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="FIL-PH">Matapos ito, 20,000-25,000 na karamihan ay
French ang lumusod noong 1097 at matapos ang 2 taon ay matagumpay na nakuha ang
Antioch at matagumpay na napasok ang Jerusalem noong July 15, 1099.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Apat
na Crusader States<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l6 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FIL-PH" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="FIL-PH">Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem</span></b><span lang="FIL-PH"> –
pinakamalaki at pinakamahalagang crusader state na pinamumunuan ni Godfrey ng
Bouillon na may titulong “Tagapagtanggol ng Banal na Sepulkro”</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l6 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FIL-PH" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FIL-PH">Edessa</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l6 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FIL-PH" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FIL-PH">Antioch</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l6 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FIL-PH" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FIL-PH">Tripoli</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Ikawang
Krusada (1147-1149) <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">1147
</span></b><span lang="FIL-PH">–napasakamay ng mga Seljuk Turk ang Edessa,
tumawag ulit si Bernard Clairvaux ngunit madali silang natalo ng mga muslim
dahil sa hindi pagtitiwala sa mga kasama.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Ikatlong
Krusada (1189-1192) <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">1189
</span></b><span lang="FIL-PH">– nasakop ng mga Seljuk Turk ang lahat ng mga
Crusader States maliban sa lungsod ng Tyre. Nanumbalik ang kapangyarihan ng
muslim sa pamumuno ni Saladin.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">3
pinakadakilang hari ng Europe ang namuno sa Ikatlong Krusada<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FIL-PH" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="FIL-PH">Frederick Barbarossa</span></b><span lang="FIL-PH"> (Holy Roman
Empire) – nalunod habang tumatawid ng ilog</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FIL-PH" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="FIL-PH">Richard the LionHearted</span></b><span lang="FIL-PH"> (England) –
lumaban ngunit hindi nagtagumpay ay naisuko sa isang kasunduan ang Jerusalem.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FIL-PH" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="FIL-PH">Philip Augustus</span></b><span lang="FIL-PH"> (France) – bumalik sa
France matapos salakayin ang Acre.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Ikaapat
na Krusada (1202-1204)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="FIL-PH">1198 – tumawag si Papa Innocent II, upang
ibalik ang karangalan ng Jerusalem, ngunit sa halip na labanan ang mga muslim,
sinalaky nila ang Constantinople sa layuning ibalik sa pananampalatayang
Katoliko ang mga Kristiyanong Orthodox.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Resulta
ng mga Krusada<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FIL-PH" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FIL-PH">Nabigo ang mga Krusada na
bawiin ang Jerusalem sa mga Islam.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FIL-PH" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FIL-PH">Matapos ang ikaapat na
krusada, tumanggap ng maraming puna at pintas ang simbahan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FIL-PH" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FIL-PH">Hindi nagamit ng wasto ang mga
buwis para sa Krusada.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FIL-PH" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FIL-PH">Vassal – isang taong
tumatanggap ng mga lupa mula sa lord kapalit ng pagkakaloob ng serbisyong
militar dito.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FIL-PH" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FIL-PH">Pinaunlad ang agham ng
pakikidigma</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FIL-PH" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FIL-PH">Natutuhan nila ang paggawa ng
mabigat na armor at sandata tulad ng crossbow mula sa panday na muslim.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FIL-PH" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FIL-PH">Pinabilis ang kalakalan sa
pagitan ng silangan at kanluran.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FIL-PH" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FIL-PH">Nagdulot ng panibagong sigla
sa paghahanap ng bagong ruta ng kalakalan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FIL-PH" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FIL-PH">Pag-usbong ng Kulturang Kritiyano</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="FIL-PH" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Kabihasnang Europeo
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Umusbong
dahil sa Tatlong Salik<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FIL-PH" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FIL-PH">Pamana ng Kabihasnang Roman</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FIL-PH" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FIL-PH">Kultura ng mga Tribong
Germanic</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FIL-PH" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FIL-PH">Kultura ng Simbahang Katoliko</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Kaayusang
Panlipunan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Middle
Ages</span></b><span lang="FIL-PH">- panahon kung saan ang institusyong panlipunan
ay ang Simbahan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="FIL-PH">Napapanatili ang Simbahan sa pamamagitan
ng isang organisadong sistemang administratibo na umaabot ang impluwensya sa
lahat ng parokya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Ang
Simbahan bilang Tagapagtanggol ng Kabihasnan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Right
of Sanctuary</span></b><span lang="FIL-PH"> – nahahanap ng sinumang tumatakas
upang ipagtanggol ang kanyang buhay, sa simbahan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="FIL-PH">Ginampanan ng mga Papa ang ilan sa
kapangyarihan ng mga dating emperador ng Imperyong Roman.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Edukasyon<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="FIL-PH">-ipinagkakaloob lamang sa mga nagbabalak
maging pari; hinadlangan ng simbahan ang pagkakaroon ng karunungan ng isang
pangkaraniwang tao dahil sa takot na makaroon ng maling paniniwala.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Monasteryo
at Katedral </span></b><span lang="FIL-PH">– sentro ng karunungan</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Grammar
School</span></b><span lang="FIL-PH"> – matapos matutuhuan ang pagbasa at sumulat
ng sariling wika, pag-aaralan naman nila ang Latin. Kasunod nito ang:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">7
Liberal Arts<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FIL-PH" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FIL-PH">Grammar</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FIL-PH" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FIL-PH">Rhetoric</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FIL-PH" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FIL-PH">Logic</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FIL-PH" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FIL-PH">Arithmetic</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FIL-PH" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FIL-PH">Geometry</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FIL-PH" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FIL-PH">Music</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FIL-PH" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FIL-PH">Astronomy</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Unibersidad</span></b><span lang="FIL-PH"> – samahan ng mga maestro na dalubhasa sa sining.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Pilosopiya<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Theology</span></b><span lang="FIL-PH"> –pag-aaral tungkol sa diyos kung saan nakatuon ang edukasyon noong
Middle Ages.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Scholasticism</span></b><span lang="FIL-PH"> – teolohikal at pilosopikal na pamamaraan kung saan pinagsanib ang
turo ng Kristiyanismo at ang pilosopiya ni Aristotle at Plato.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Bernard
ng Clairvaux (1090-1153</span></b><span lang="FIL-PH">) – ang mundo ay isang
patibong at panlilinlang. Itakwil ang mundo at sa halip ay manalig sa Diyos.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Peter
Abelard (1079-1142)</span></b><span lang="FIL-PH"> – naniniwala na katuwiran ang
dapat maging gabay ng tao tungo sa karunungan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Albertus
Magnus (1200-1280)</span></b><span lang="FIL-PH"> – ang kanyang paniniwala ay
hinubog ng kay Aristotle; nakilala ng mga greek ang diyos hindi dahil sa bibliya
kund dahil sa pangangatuwiran.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Thomas
Aquinas (1225 – 1274)</span></b><span lang="FIL-PH"> – <i>Summa Theologica</i>. May dalawang uri ng karunungan; nagmumula sa
Diyos at nagmumula sa katuwiran.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">PANITIKAN<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Vulgate</span></b><span lang="FIL-PH"> - bibliyang isinalin ni
Jerome sa Latin.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">The
Divine Comedy (circa 1307)-</span></b><span lang="FIL-PH"> Dante. Likhang isip ng
paglalakbay sa impiyerno, purgatoryo at langit.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">The
Canterbury Tales (1400)</span></b><span lang="FIL-PH"> – Geoffrey Chancer.
Pagsasalaysay ng isang grupo ng peregrine o peregrino sa dambana ng St. Thomas
Becket sa Canterbury Cathedral.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">DULA<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Mystery
Play</span></b><span lang="FIL-PH"> – tampok an uri ng palabas noong Medieval
Period; may kwento sa bibliya o buhay ng mga santo na ginaganap sa labas ng
simbahan o sa bukas na teatro.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Morality
Play</span></b><span lang="FIL-PH"> – ang mga actor ay kumakatawan sa birtud ng
kabutihan at kasamaan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">ARKITEKTURA<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Basilica</span></b><span lang="FIL-PH"> – silid-hukuman sa Rome na ginamit na modelo sa mga Simbahan;
Rektanggulo ang hugi na may mataas na kisame. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Nav</span></b><span lang="FIL-PH">e – pahabang gitnang bahagi ng Simbahan mula sa pintuan hanggang
harapan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Apse</span></b><span lang="FIL-PH"> – dulo ng nave kung saan matatagpuan ang altar.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Gothic
</span></b><span lang="FIL-PH">– estilo ng mataas at patusok na arch para sa
bubong.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">Buttres</span></b><span lang="FIL-PH"> – mga batong tukod na sumasalo sa bigat ng bubomg.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="FIL-PH">SINING<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="FIL-PH">Ang loob ng basilica ay puno ng mga ukit
at mosaic.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09933937718169790923noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7182399755979143933.post-76860435345831609392015-06-15T20:35:00.000-07:002015-06-15T20:35:38.267-07:00World History (Chapter 17)<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<a href="http://farm4.staticflickr.com/3033/3034787212_7567bcbec6_z.jpg" target="_blank"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpFGDeBE8qVpF4Yxy6ELACybwOSxp2GO8WaJBXBBK8XXcGvtlQiLRjhMndQnzX8e3G2uNeX4RZ19FML3VpyuRBKS8edc6QyoF8JnpAgX3HeinnWciD22d_NFdcFeuO-YQuRj954PhVLIE/s640/3034787212_7567bcbec6_z.jpg" width="640" /></a><b><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Aralin 17: Pagpasok ng Middle Ages</span></b></div>
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<b>Gitmang Panahon (500-1500)</b> – naguugnay sa sinauna at makabagong
panahon; tinawag din itong dark ages dahil bumaba ang karunungan at walang
matatag na kapangyarihang pulitikal.</div>
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<b><u>3 ugat ng bagong lipunan<o:p></o:p></u></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Pamanang Klasikal mula sa Rome</div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]-->Paniniwala ng Simbahang Katoliko</div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]-->Kaugalian ng mga Tribong Germanic</div>
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<b><u>Mga Salik sa Paghina ng Imperyong Roman<o:p></o:p></u></b></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]-->Madalas na Pagsalakay sa hangganan</div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]-->Krisis sa Salapi dulot ng karagdagang sundalo</div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]-->Kahirapan</div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]-->Pagtaas ng presyo ng bilihin</div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Mahina ang pamumuno</div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]-->Agawan sa pwesto ng Emperador</div>
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<b><u>Si Diocletian at si Constantine<o:p></o:p></u></b></div>
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Matagumpay nilang pinigil ang
halos isang siglong kaguluhang sibil na maaaring humantong sa pagkasira ng
Imperyo.</div>
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<b>Diocletian ( 284 -305 C.E)</b> -
hinati nya ang imperyo sa Silangan at Kanluran noong 285 C.E. Sa Kanluran ang
Emperador at sya sa Silangang bahagi. Sa bawat emperador ay may hinihirang na
tagapagmana upang maging mapayapa ang paghahalili. Upang palakasin ang Imperyo,
ginamit nya ang prinsipyong Despotismo o Despotism.</div>
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<b>Despotism</b> – paniniwalang ang kapangyarihan ng pinuno ay walang
limitasyon.</div>
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<b>Constantine (306-337 C.E)</b> -
muli nyang pinag-isa ang imperyo at ipinagpatuloy ang pamahalaang
despotic. Gumawa rin sya ng higit ng mahigpit na batas para sa ekonomiya. Dahil
sa patuloy na paghina ng kanlurang bahagi at paglakas ng silangan, inilipat nya
ang kabisera sa Byzantium at pinangalanang Constantinople.</div>
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Pansamantalang napigilan ang
digmaang sibil at paghina ng imperyo ng kanilang pamumuno. Subalit ang
Despotism ay hindi naging mabuti para sa imperyo. Ang huling emperador ng
nagkakaisang imperyo ay si <b>Theodosius I
(382-395 C.E),</b> sa pagkamatay nya, nahati ang imperyo sa 2 nyang anak na
sina <b>Honorius at Arcadius.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b>Pagbagsak ng Kanlurang Imperyong Roman<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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Nagpatuloy ang panggigipit ng
Tribong Germanic sa hangganan ng imperyong Roman. Patuloy na ang pagkatalo ng
Imperyong Roman sa mga tribong Germanic.</div>
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<b>Marcus Aurelius –</b> sa
pamumuno nya noong 161 – 180 C.E.,naging mahirap ang pagpigil sa mga tribong
Germanic.</div>
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Labanan sa <b>Adrianople (378 C.E)</b> – tinalo ng Visigoth ang hukbo ni <b>Emperor Flavius Valens</b> na ikinagulat ng
lahat.</div>
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<b>410 C.E</b> – Sa pamumuno ni <b>Alaric</b>,
pinasok ng Visigoth ang Rome at dinambong ang lungsod.</div>
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<b>476 C.E</b> – kinilala ang petsang ito bilang pagbagsak ng kanlurang
imperyong Roman, dahil sa pagkatalo ni <b>Romulus
Augustulus</b>, ang huling emperador ng Imperyong Roman, kay <b>Odoacer</b>. Si <b>Odoacer</b> ay tinanghal bilang kauna-unahang <i>pinunong Germanic ng Rome.<o:p></o:p></i></div>
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<b>Sanhi ng Pagbagsak ng Kanlurang Imperyong Roman<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]-->Paglusob ng mga tribong Germanic</div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Kawalan ng katatagang political at hindi maayos
na pagpapalit ng Emperador.</div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Walang masyadong industriya at pagbabago sa
teknolohiya</div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]-->Pag-asa ng mga tao sa mga alipin</div>
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<b>Ang mga Tribong Germanic<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Ostrogoths</b>
– sa pamumuno ni Theodoric, sinalakay ang Italya.</div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Visigoths
</b>– sa ilalim ni Alaric, sinalakay ang Spain</div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Mga
Franks</b> - sa pamumuno ni Clovis sinalakay ang Gaul o Pransya</div>
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<b>CLOVIS</b> - kaunaunahang haring
Aleman na naging Kristiyano</div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Lombards </b>-
sinalakay ang Italya</div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Vandals</b>
- sa pamumuno ni Genseric, sinalakay ang hilagang Africa</div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Saxons</b>
- sinalakay ang Britanya</div>
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<b>Mga Pangyayari Matapos ang Pagbagsak ng Kanlurang Imperyong Roman.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Naputol ang ugnayan ng Kanlurang Europe sa mga
Byzantine at Muslim.</div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Humina ang kalakalan</div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Bumaba ang antas ng karunungan</div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Nawalan ng lingua franca o iisang wika ang
Europe.</div>
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<b>800 C.E</b> – sumibol ang wikang <i>French,
Italian, Spanish, at Latin.<o:p></o:p></i></div>
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<b>Pagtatatag ng Kristiyanismo<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b>Kristiyanismo</b> – pinakamatatag na institusyon sa <b>Middle Ages.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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Habang humihina ang kapangyarihan
ng Imperyong Roman, lumalakas ang pananampalatayang Kristiyano. Isa ito sa mga
naging salik ng pagbagsak ng Imperyong Roman.</div>
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<b>Mga Aral ni Hesus<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b>Hesus</b> – ipinanganak sa Bethlehem at lumaki sa Nazareth, pagsapit
nya ng 30 na gulang, naglakbay sya sa Palestine.</div>
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Hindi tinanggap ng mga Jew na sya
ang Messiah .</div>
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<b>Messiah</b> – pinuno na pinili ng diyos na sasagip sa sangkatauhan</div>
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33 C.E – ipinapatay si Hesus sa utos ni Pontio Pilato, ang gobernador ng
Judea. Pinaniniwalaang matapos ilibing ay nabuhay muli si Hesus.</div>
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<b>Pablo: Disipulo ni Hesus <o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b>Pablo</b> – isang Jew mula sa <b>Taurus.</b>
</div>
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</span><!--[endif]-->Isa sya sa mga umuusig sa Kristiyanismo subalit
nang magpakita si Hesus sa kanya, sya ay naging tagapagbahagi na ng mga Aral
mula 37 C.E – 67 C.E.</div>
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</span><!--[endif]--><o:p> </o:p></div>
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<b>Pagpapahirap sa mga Kristiyano<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b>Nero (54 -68 C.E)</b> – emperador na galit sa mga Kristiyano, at
pinagbintangang ang mga ito ay sumunog sa Rome noong 34 C.E.</div>
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<b>249-251 C.E</b> – naganap ang malawakang pagpapahirap sa mga Kristiyano
sa panahon ni <b>Emperador Decius.</b></div>
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<b>311 C.E</b> – Ang Kristiyanismo ay ginawang pananampalataya ng naaayon
sa Batas.</div>
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<b>Edict of Milan</b> – itinakda ni <b>Emperador
Constantine </b>ang Kristiyanismo bilang pananampalataya na ayon sa batas ng
buong Imperyong Roman. </div>
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<b>395 C.E</b> – Idineklara ni <b>Emperador
Theodosius</b> ang Kristiyanismo bilang opisyal na pananampalataya.</div>
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<b>Monatisismo<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b>Monk o Monghe</b> – mamuhay alinsunod sa tatlong panata ng karalitaan,
kalinisan, at pagsunod.</div>
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<b>Monatisismo </b>– pagtalikod sa material na bagay sa daigdig upang
makamit ang higit na mataas na anyo ng pananalig sa diyos.</div>
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<b>520 C.E </b>– na itatag ni <b>St. Benedict</b> ang isang monastery sa <i>Monte Casino, Italy</i></div>
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<b>St. Benedict <o:p></o:p></b></div>
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</span><!--[endif]--> ipinanganak
noong 480 C.E. sa Italy. </div>
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gumawa ng isang alituntunin para sa isang
payak at makabuluhang buhay ng mga monghe. </div>
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<br /></div>
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Araw
araw na gawain:</div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->-<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Limang
oras na pagdarasal </div>
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</span><!--[endif]-->Limang oras ng pisikal na gawain</div>
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</span><!--[endif]-->Iba pa uri ng gawain sa ikauunlad ng monasteryo at ng mga taong naninirahan sa paligid ng
monastery</div>
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Monghe </div>
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</span><!--[endif]-->Nagsilbing tagapaglaganap ng Kristiyanismo</div>
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</span><!--[endif]-->Ahente ng pag-unlad ng kabihasnan </div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->-<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Nililinis nila ang mga kagubatan ng malalaking punong kahoy </div>
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</span><!--[endif]-->Pinatutuyo ang latian upang gawing mga bagong
pataniman </div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->-<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Nagbukas ng mga paaralan </div>
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</span><!--[endif]-->Inalay ang sariling monasteryo upang gawing
tulugan para sa mga manglalakbay at
pagamutan sa mga may sakit </div>
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</span><!--[endif]-->Gumawa ng kopya ng mahahalagang aklat</div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Ang Pamilyang Merovingian (486-751 C.E.)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b>Tribong Frank</b> – naging makapangyarihan sa <br />
Gaul (kasalukuyang France) </div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Clovis</b> - pinuno ng isa sa
kaharian na itinatag ng mga Frank </div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>486 C.E.</b> – tinapos ni <b>Clovis</b>
ang paghahari ng mga Roman sa Gaul </div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Visigoth</b> – ang kahariang
nilupig niya sa timog Gaul </div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;">
noong 507 C.E.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Merovingian sa Gaul</b> -
linyang nagsimula dahil sa pagpapalawak niya ng lupain </div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Ang Pamilyang Carolingian (751-911 C.E.)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Mayor ng Palasyo o Mayor of the Palace </b>– isang posisyon na naging
makapangyarihan na nangangahulugang pangunahing
opisyal o chief officer ng hari</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Pepin II</b> - nagkamit ng
kapangyarihan sa lahat ng mga lupain sa
Frank</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;">
<b>Charles</b> - anak ni <b>Pepin
II </b>na nagmana ng posisyon niya bilang Mayor of the Palace </div>
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<br /></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->-<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Kilalang <b>Charles Martel o
Charles the Hammer</b> </div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->-<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Nagwagi sa
labanan ng Tours noong 732 C.E.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-align: justify;">
laban sa mga Muslim </div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->-<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]--> Pinigilan
niya ang pagsulong ng Islam sa Europe</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Pepin the Short</b> – anak ni
Charles at kinilala bilang hari ng mga
Frank </div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Carolingian </b> - bagong Iinya
ng mga haring <b>Frank hango sa Carolus<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Carolus</b> – ang pangalan sa wikang Latin ng anak ni <b>Pepin II</b> </div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Si Charlemagne at ang Holy Roman Empire
( 800-843 C.E.) <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>771 C. E.</b> – naging hari si Charles ng mga Frank </div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 40.5pt; tab-stops: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -40.5pt;">
<b>Charlemagne </b>- katawagang French na sa Latin ay Carolus (Charles)
at Magnus (great) </div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 40.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -40.5pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 40.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -40.5pt;">
<b>Charles the Great</b> - kilala rin siya sa tawag na ito dahil sa kahusayan niya
bilang pinuno</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 40.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -40.5pt;">
<b>Papa Adrian</b> <b>I</b> – kumausap sa kanyang pumunta sa
Italy upang ipagtanggol ito laban sa mga
Lombard </div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 40.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -40.5pt;">
<b>Desiderius – hari ng Lombard <o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 40.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -40.5pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 40.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -40.5pt;">
<b>Desiderata</b> –anak ng haring si <b>Desiderius</b>. Nagsama sila ni
Charles ng tatlong taon ngunit hiniwalayan din niya ito kaya nagalit si
Desiderius kay Charles at sa Simbahan </div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 40.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -40.5pt;">
<br /></div>
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Tumutol ang Simbahan sa kasal <b>ni Charles at ni Desiderata</b>
kaya naging banta sa simbahan ng Rome </div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 40.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;">
<b>Patricius Romanus </b>– pangunahing
tagapagtanggol ng Papa at Simbahan. Titulong namana ni Charles mula sa kanyang
ama. </div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Mga lugar na nilupig niya:<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Saxon –
Germany <o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Avar-
Hungary <o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Lupaing nasakop ng Imperyo ni Charlemagne<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->-<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]--><i>France,
Belgium, Netherlands, Austria, Switzerland, bahagi ng Germany, Italy <o:p></o:p></i></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;">
<b>County </b>– isang
paghahati-hating politikal na binubuo
ng maraming pamayanan</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;">
<b>Count o Konde</b> – Hinirang para sa bawat county </div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;">
<b>Missi Dominic</b> – mensahero ng
panginoon <i>(Messenger of the Lord) <o:p></o:p></i></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->-<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Bumibisita sa bawat county taun-taon at
dumirinig sa bawat sumbong ng mga tao at ipinaparating kay <b>Charlemagne </b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Mark o March</b> – distritong pagtanggulan sa gilid ng imperyo</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Aachen</b> – <i>kabisera ng Italy <o:p></o:p></i></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<i>
Aix –la-Chapelle<o:p></o:p></i></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;">
Tinangkilik niya ang pag-aaral
ng mga pari at nagbibigay ng salapi para sa
ikauunlad ng mga paaralan ng Simbahan </div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -45.0pt;">
<b>800 C.E.</b> - Nagpunta si Charlemagne sa Rome. Habang nagsisimba ay ipinatong ng Papa ang
korona </div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 45.0pt; text-align: justify;">
at ito ang
Sinabi…. </div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 49.5pt; text-align: justify;">
“<i>Para kay Charles Augustus , Kinoronahan ng Diyos, Dakila, at
Mapayapang Emperador ng Roman, mahabang
Buhay at Tagumpay.”<o:p></o:p></i></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Simbolo ng seremonya:<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->-<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]--><b>Pagsasama
ng tatlong tradisyon</b> – Roman, Kristiyano, Germanic . Kinoronahan ng Simbahang Kristiyano ang isang haring
Germanic upang maging hari ng mga Roman</div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<br />
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<br /></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09933937718169790923noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7182399755979143933.post-80399300094121594562015-06-14T06:53:00.001-07:002015-06-14T06:53:48.153-07:00World History (Chapter 16)<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Aralin 16: Kabihasnan sa Africa at mga pulo sa Pacific<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Dark Continent</b>-
ito ang tinawag sa Africa dahil hindi nila ito nagalugad kaagad at limitado
lamang ang kanilang kaalaman ukol sa Africa.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Ang pinakamainit na bahagi ng Africa ay ang mga malapit sa
Equator</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Rainforest</b> –
isang uri ng kagubatan kung saan sagana
ang ulan at ang mga puno ay malalaki, matataas at may mayayabong na dahon</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Savanna</b>-
matatagpuan sa hangganan ng rainforest at may bukas at malawak na damuhan na
may mga puno.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Sahara</b>- sa may
hilaga ng Sudan. Ito ang pinakamalaki at pinakamalawak na disyerto sa buong
daigdig. Ito rin ay malaki pa sa Europe.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Oasis</b> – lugar sa
disyerto kung saan may matabang lupa. Dito lamang nagkakaroon ng mga maliliit
na pamayanan</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Hiwahiwalay at kalat kalat ang mga kultura at kabihasnang
sumibol sa Africa.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Kalakalang
Trans-Sahara<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>3000 B.C.E</b> –
nagkaroon ng kalakalan sa pagitan ng Hilagang Africa at Kanlurang Sudan</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Ito ay tumagal hanggang ika-16 na siglo, tinawag itong
Trans-Sahara dahil tinatawid ng mga mangangalakal ang sahara sa pamamagitan ng
caravan.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Caravan</b> – grupo o
pangkat ng mga taong naglalakbay.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Ang mga mangangalakal mula sa Carthage ay pumupunta sa
Sahara. Sinasabi na ang mga elepante na ginamit ni Hannibal sa Digmaang Punic
ay galing sa Sahara.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Pagpasok ng Islam<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Lumaganap ang Islam noong nakapagtatag ng pamayanang muslim
sa <b>Morocco.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Berber</b> – mga mangangalakal sa Hilagang Africa na
nagpalaganap ng Islam sa Kanlurang Africa sa pamamagitan ng kalakalan<b>.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Mga Kabihasnan sa
Africa<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Silangang Africa<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Axum (Ethiopia)</b> –
napatanyag dahil ito ay sentro ng kalakalan.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>50 C.E </b>– ang Axum
ang sentro ng kalakalan at ito ay may kasunduan sa kalakalan sa mga Greek.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Ivory o Garing</b> –
ginagamit ng mga Greek upang malaman kung amy lason ang pagkain.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>395 C.E</b> – naging
ganap na ang Kristiyanismo sa kaharian ng Axum dulot ng malawakang kalakalan.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b> Sudan</b> – umusbong din dulot ng kanilang
yaman dahil sila ay may kapangyarihan sa kalakalan na tumatawid sa Sahara.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Kanlurang Africa<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Dito umusbong ang mga kabihasnang Ghana, Mali at Songhai.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Imperyong Ghana</b> –
ito ang unang estado na itinatag sa Kanlurang Africa. Ito ay naging malakas na
estado dulot ng lokasyon sa may dulo ng Trans-Sahara. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>2 mahalagang salik sa
paglakas ng Ghana<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> - </span></span><!--[endif]-->Sandatang Gawa sa bakal</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> - </span></span><!--[endif]-->Paggamit ng mga Kabayo</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Imperyong Mali</b> – tagapagmana
ng Imperyong Ghana. Nagsimula ito sa Kangaba. Sinimulan ni <b>Sundiata Keita </b>ang pag-akyat ng kapagyarihan ng <b>Mali</b>, at noong 1240 sinalakay at
winakasan nya ang Imperyong Ghana.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Mansa Musa</b> –
higit pa niyang pinalawak ang imperyo. Nagpatayo sya ng mga <b>Mosque o pook-dasalan</b> ng mga muslim. Sa
panahon niya naging sentro ng karunungan at pananampalataya ang <b>Gao, Timbuktu at Djenne.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Imperyong Songhai</b>
– Nakikipagkalakalan sa mga <b>Berber</b>,
at noong 1010 tinanggap ni <b>Dia Kossoi</b>,
hari ng mga Songhai, ang Islam.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Haring Sunni Ali</b>
– sa panahon nya naging isang malaking imperyo ang Songhai.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Migrasyong
Austronesian<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Austronesian </b>–tumutukoy
sa mga taong nagsasalita ng mga wikang nabibilang <b>sa Austronesian o Malayo- Polynesian.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Peter Bellwood</b> –
ayon sa kanya, nagsimula ang mga Austronesian sa Tsina at nandayuhan upang makahanap ng lupang
masasakahan. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Easter Island</b> –
pinakamalayo nilang naabot; isang pulo sa pacific ocean na bahagi ng South
America.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Pacific Island</b> –
nahahati sa 3: Polynesia, Micronesia, Melanesia.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Polynesia</b> – higit
na malaki sa pinagsamang Melanesia at micronesia. Binubuo ng New Zealands,
Easter Islands, Hawaii, Tuvalu, Samoa, American Samoa, Niue, Cook Islands,
French Polynesia, Austral Islands, Society Islands, Tuamotu, Marquesas at
Pitcairn.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Tohua</b> – sentro ng
pamayanan</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Mana</b>- banal na
kapagnyarihan</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Tapu</b> – tawag sa
mga pagbabawal o prohibisyon.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Micronesia</b>-
Binubuo ng Caroline Islands, Marianas Islands, Marshall Islands, Gilbert
Islands at Nauru.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Melanesia</b> –
matatagpuan sa hilaga at silangang baybay-dagat ng Australia. Binubuo ng New
Gunea, Bismarck Archipelago, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, New
Caledonia at Fiji Islands.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Pamana ng Africa at
Pacific Islands<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Stelae </b>–
haliging batong may disenyo na itinayo bilang pananda ng libingan ng hari.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b>The Epic
of Son-Jara</b> – isang Oral Tradition</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09933937718169790923noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7182399755979143933.post-24238794709169818022014-06-13T19:11:00.000-07:002014-06-13T19:11:08.039-07:00World History (Chapter 15)<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Aralin 15 : Imperyong Islam<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Islam </b>– itinatag ni Muhammad noong 700 C.E; Ayon sa kanya sya ay
nakatanggap ng banal na pagbubunyag upang siya ay maging sugo ni Allah, ang
kaisa-isang Diyos. Ang ibig sabihin ng salitang Islam ay “<i>pagpapasailalim sa kalooban ni Alla</i>h”.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>622 C.E</b> – pumunta siya ng Medina upang makakuha ng mga deboto at
matakasan ang pagusig sa kanya ang naturang pagtakas na ito ay tinawag na
Hegira at itinuturing na simula ng kalendaryong muslim.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>3 mahahalagang Imperyong naitatag<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Umayyad Caliphate</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Abbasid Caliphate</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Ottoman Caliphate</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Caliphate</b> – sistema ng pamahalaan ng mga muslim; Ang tawag sa
pinuno nito ay <i>Caliph</i> na
nangangahulugang <i>deputy o kinatawan</i>.
Siya ay kahalili ni Muhammad.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Umayyad Caliphate<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>661 C.E</b> – itinatag ang <b>Umayyad
Caliphate</b> sa kabisera ng <b>Damascus,
Syria.</b> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Mga Apat na Caliph sa Umayyad Caliphate<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Abu Bakr</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Omar</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Uthman</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Ali</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Sa pagkamatay ni Ali nahati sa 2 <b>ummah </b>o <i>pamayanang muslim.</i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Shi’a</b>
– naniniwalang tanging mga kamag-anakan lamang ni Ali ang dapat na humalili sa
pagiging caliph</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Sunni</b>
– naniniwala na ang caliph ay isa lamang political na pinuno at hindi lamang
dapat magmula sa kamag-anakan ni Ali.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Tinawid ng mga Muslim ang <b>Strait of Gibraltar</b> patungong Spain at
tinalo ang mga <b>Visigoth</b>. Tumawid
naman sila sa <b>Pyrenees patungong France,</b>
ngunit natalo sila ng mga <b>Franks</b> sa
pamumuno ni <b>Charles Martel</b>, sa bayan
ng <b>Tours</b> noong <b>732 B.C.E</b>. Dahil dito napigil ang pagpasok ng Islam sa Europa,
nanatili na lamang ito sa timog spain at pinatatag ang naturang imperyo.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Reconquista</b> – 500-taong pakikipaglaban sa pagbawi sa Kabuuan ng
Spain mula sa mga muslim.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Hakbang na ginawa ng Umayyad Caliphate upang pagtibayin ang pamamahala.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Paggamit ng Wikang Arabo bilang pangunahing
wika.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Nagpagawa ng pera</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Nagpagawa ng mga gusali</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Dome of the Rock – itinayo sa lokasyon ng dating
templo ni Haring Solomon sa Jerusalem.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Abbasid Caliphate<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Inilipat ang kabisera sa <b>Baghdad, Iraq</b>, ngunit hindi naging
sapat ang pananampalataya upang panatilihin ang pagkakaisa ng Imperyo at sila
ay nagtayo ng sari-sariling caliphate.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Seljuk Turk<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Sa pamumuno ni <b>Seljuk</b>, sinalakay nila ang <b>Baghdad</b> at inagaw ang <b>Asia Minor</b> sa mga <b>Byzantine</b>. Tinupad nila ang kanilang tungkulin bilang
tagapagtanggol ng banal na lungsod ng <b>Jerusalem</b>,
at naging dahilan upang maglunsad ng <b>Krusada
ang mga Kristiyanong Hari sa Europe.</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Mga Mongol<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Bumagsak ang Seljuk Turk sa
bagsik ng mga <b>Mongol</b>, pinagbuklod ni
<b>Genghis Khan</b> ang angkang mongol at
pinalawak pa ang sakop na umabot <b>sa Kiev
Russia, Pacific Ocean, Artic Ocean, at Arabian Sea.</b> Ang mga Mongol ang may
pinakamalaki at pinakamalawak na lupaing nalupig sa buong kasaysayan ng
Daigdig, ngunit wala silang politikal na pagkakaisa at hindi nagtagal ay nawala
rin ang lupain nasakop nila.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Ottoman Caliphate<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Lumipat sa mga <b>Ottoman Turk </b>ang pamunuan ng <b>Imperyong Muslim</b>. Ito ay nagsimula sa
estadong itinatag ni <b>Osman</b> na
matatagpuan sa hilagang kanluran ng ng Anatolia. Lumakas ito dahil sa mga
lupang angkop sa pagtatanim at daanan ng kalakalan mula Persia patungong Mediterranean. Ang mga
lagalag na turk ay nahikayat na sumapi at tinuruan sa pakikidigma, nilupig nila
ang <b>byzantine sa Constantinople</b> ito
ay tinawag na <b>Istanbul.</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Paglaganap ng Islam<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Jihad</b>
– Holy war</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Dar-al-Islam
</b>– House of Islam</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Dar-al-Harb</b>
– House of War</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Pamana ng Imperyong Muslim</span><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Industriya </div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Damask </b>–
tela na yari sa linen, bulak o lana na
hinati at nilagyan ng disenyon</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Kalakalan</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Pinakadalubhasang manlalayag ng panahon</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Chemistry</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Alchemy </b>–
proseso na ginagawa ng mga muslim upang subuking gawing ginto ang mga murang
metal tulad ng tingga.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Pisika</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Alhazen</b>
– ipinaliwanag kung paano nakakakita ang tao.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Medisina </div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Al-Rhazi</b>
– sumulat ng encyclopedia at nakatuklas ng pagkakaiba ng small pox at measles.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Avicenna</b>-
<b>Canon of Medicine (1025)</b>;
pinagsama-sama niya ang lahat ng impormasyon tungkol sa panggagamot.</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<o:p>-end-</o:p></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09933937718169790923noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7182399755979143933.post-79583572749941316102014-06-13T19:06:00.003-07:002014-06-13T19:06:48.094-07:00World History (Chapter 14)<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Aralin 14 : Silangang Imperyong Roman at Imperyong Byzantine<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Nahati ang Imperyong Roman sa <b>Kanluran(Rome)</b> at <b>Silangan(Constantinople</b>)
nang ilipat ang mgakabisera nito. Bumagsak ang Kanlurang Imperyo at nanatili
ang Silangang Imperyo.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Justinian</b> –
namuno bilang emperador ng Imperyong Roman. Binalak niyang muling buhayin ang <b>Imperyong Roman</b> ngunit hindi sya
nagtagumpay sakupin ang <b>Hilaga at
Gitnang Europe</b> na nasa kamay ng mga German.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Corpus Juris Civilis
o Lupon ng mga Batas Sibil </b>– ito ay kalipunan ng lahat ng mga Batas sa loob
ng isang milenyo. Tinipon ito ng mga hukom at Abogado s auto ni Justinian.; ito
rin ay tinatawag na <b>Justinian’s Code.</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Apat na Bahagi ng
Corpus Juris Civilis<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Codex</b> – buod ng lahat ng mga batas</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Digest</b> – opinion
ng mga hukom at abogado ukol sa batas.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Institutes</b> –
prinsipyo kung saan binatay ang mga batas</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Novellae</b> –
naglalaman ng mga batas na ginawa sa panahon ng panunungkulan ni Justinian.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Ang <b>Corpus Juris
Civilis </b>ay nagsilbing patnubay sa katarungan, ari-arian, kasal at diborsyo.
Dahil dito, nalaman ng Kanlurang Europe ang benepisyo ng Batas Roman, at ito
ang pinagugatan ng Kodigo ng maraming batas sa mga bansa sa Europe at Latin
Amerika.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Theodora </b>– dating
nagtatrabaho sa circo na asawa ni Justinian na nagsilbing tagapayo niya.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Hagia Sophia</b> – “<b>Church of Holy Wisdom”</b> o Simbahan ng
Banal na Katarungan. Ito ay ginawa ng mahigit 10,000 katao. PInagsama-sama dito
ang lahat ng klasikal at kristiyanong sining at napupuno ng mga larawan ni
Hesus at mga santo. Sa labas nito ay may
malalaking pader at dambuhalang Dome.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Pagsapit ng 800 C.E tanging silangang bahagi na lamang ng
Balkan Peninsula at Asia Minor ang sakop ng Silangang Imperyo.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Imperyong Byzantine<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Mula sa Silangang Imperyong Roman, unti-unting binago ang
katawagan dito dulot ng unti-unting pagliit ng nasasakupan. Tinawag itong <b>Byzantine</b> na hango sa salitang <b>Byzantium</b> na matandang katawagan sa
Constantinople. Nagkaroon na rin ito ng bagong pamamalakad at hindi roman kundi
greek.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Pagkakaiba ng
Simbahang Roman at Simbahang Byzantine<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Wika<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Ang ginagamit ng simbahang Roman ay <b>latin</b> samantala <b>Greek</b>
naman ang gamit ng simbahang Byzantine.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Pinuno ng Simbahan<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Ang tawag sa pinuno ng simbahan sa <b>Roman</b> ay <b>Pari</b>, at ang
mga ito ay walang balbas at hindi maaaring magasawa samantalang ang pinuno ng simbahang
<b>Byzantine</b> ay tinatawag na <b>Patriarch</b>, tinuturing din syang opisyal
ng pamahalaan at kadalasang may balbas at may mga asawa ang mga ito.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Iconoclastic
Controversy<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Leo III</b> – ang
emperador na nabahala sa yaman ng mga monghe at ang pagtutol nila na baguhin
ang sistema ng pagmamayari ng lupa at ang kanilang patuloy na pagsamba sa mga <b>icon</b> o mga banal na estatwa at
painting.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>726 C.E </b>–
pinasira ni <b>Leo III</b> ang mga icon na
nagdulot ng kanyang pagiging <i>excommunicated
</i>sa Simbahan. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Ang patuloy na pamumuo ng hidwaan sa pagitan ng simbahan at
ng Estado ay tinawag na <i>Iconoclastic
Controversy.</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Michael III</b> –
natapos ang sigalot ng siya ang umupo at
bawiin ang kautusang nagbabawal sa mga icon, ngunit nanatili paring hati ang 2
simbahan.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Hindi nagkasundo ang 2 panig sa pagkakaiba ng 2 simbahan at
ang dalawang pinuno ng simbahan ay ginawang ekskomulgado ang isat’isa. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Ang <b>Simbahang
Byzantine </b>ay tinawag bilang <b>Eastern
Orthodox.</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Pamana ng Imperyong
Byzantine<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Arkitektura<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Hagia Sophia</b> –
may mga <b>Dome</b>, <b>pillar</b> na gawa sa marmol at kahanga-hangang ginintuang <b>Mosaic</b>.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Sining<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Mosaic</b> –
pinagdikit-dikit na maliliit na pira-pirasong bato o bubog upang bumuo ng
disenyo.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Enameling </b>–
sining ng paghahalo at pagpapahid ng enamel sa ibabaw ng metal o luwad.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09933937718169790923noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7182399755979143933.post-17028544594413562432014-06-13T18:50:00.000-07:002014-06-13T18:50:00.662-07:00World History (Chapter 13)<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Aralin 13 : Ang Republic ng Rome at ang Imperyong Roman<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Rome (800
B.C.E)</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> – itinatag ng isang sangay ng mga <b>Indo-Europeo</b>, Sila ang mga Latin at napili nilang lugar ay
Palatine.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Palatine</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> – isa sa
pitong burol malapit sa <b>Tiber River</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">700 B.C.E <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Etruscan </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">– kalapit
na tribu sa hilaga at nakatalo sa mga latin; nagdala sila ng mga kaugalian lalo
na sa pulitika.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Senate</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> – lupon ng
mga tagapayo sa Hari; binubuo ng mga <b>Patrician</b>
o <b>mahalagang tao sa Lipunan</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Plebeian</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> – binubuo
ng mga <b>pangkaraniwang tao.</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">509 B.C.E</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> – nagrebelyon
ang mga <b>Roma laban sa Etruscan </b>at
nagtatag ng Republic.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Republic</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> – itinatag
ng mga Roma matapos silang mag-alsa laban sa mga Etruscan kung saan ang
mamamayan ay humihirang ng kanilang kinatawan sa pamahalaan, at tuluyan nang
nawala sa posisyon ang Hari.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Consul</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> – ito ang ipinalit sa pagka-alis
ng Hari sa posisyon; 2 ang hinahalal na Consul na mula sa mga Patrician , at
may tungkuling pamunuuan ang pamahalaan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>Senate</b> – nang itinatag ang Republic sila ang naging
pinakamakapangyarihan.Ito ay binubuo ng 300 na kasapi na hinirang ng mga
consul.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>Mga Sakop ng Kapangyarihan ng Isang Senate</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Sakop ang
Ugnayang Panlabas o Foreign Affairs<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">May
kapangyarihang magpawalang-bisa ng batas<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Nagbibigay
pahintulot sa paggamit ng salapi ng pamahalaan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Ang
pagkakahirang sa kanila ay panghabambuhay.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>Plebeian : Pantay na Karapatan, Ipinaglaban</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>Assembly</b> – ito ay nilikha upang kumatawan sa karaniwang tao<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>Tribune</b> – inihalal upang pangalagaan ang karapatan ng mga Plebeian;
maaari silang magpawalang –bisa sa kahit anobg batas na mapang- api sa
mahihrap.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>449 B.C.E </b>– nagtagumpay ang hiling ng mga Plebeian na isulat
ang lahat ng Batas ng Rome at isinulat
ito sa 12 clay tablet at nakilala bilang
Twelve Tables.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>Rome : Pinakamakapangyarihan sa Mediterranean</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>Latin League</b> – isang alyansang itinatag laban sa iba pang
tribu sa rehiyon<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>2 layunin ng Rome sa Pagtatatag ng Latin League</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Ipagtanggol
ang Estado<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Makakuha ng
karagdagang lupang sasakahin<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>390 B.C.E</b> – sinalakayat sinunog ng Gaul ang Rome, ngunit
hindi parin nahadlangan ang layunin ng Rome na itatag ang Latin League. Tinalo
nila ng tuluyan ang mga Etruscan sa gitnang Italy. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>Magna Graecia o Great Greece</b> – matagal nang tinitirahan ng
mga Greek, at ang huling balakid sa pagpapawalig ng kapangyarihan ng Rome.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>Pyrrhus</b> – kamag-anak ni Alexander the Great at humingi sa
kanya ng tulong ang Greece laban sa mga Roma.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>280 B.C.E</b> – tinalo ni Pyrrhus ang lumalawig na kapangyarihan
ng Romem subalit tumanggi ang Senate ng Rome sa alok nyang kapayapaan. Sa
laking pinsala ng kanyang hukbo, sya ay bumalik sa Greece.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>270 B.C.E</b> – madali na lamang tinalo ng Rome ang mga kolonya
ng Greece at ito na ang naging pangunahing lungsod sa gitna at timog Italy.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Rome laban sa Carthage<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>Carthage</b> – itinatag ng mga Phoenician at naging kalaban ng
Rome sa Mediterranean.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>264 – 146 B.C.E</b> – sumabak ang Carthage at Rome sa tatlong
Digmaan na tinatawag na DIgmaang Punic<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>Punic</b> – mula sa Latin na “Punicus” at Poeni, kung saan kilala
ng Romans ang mga Carthaginians.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>Unang Digmaang Punic (264 B.C.E – 241 B.C.E)</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> – nanalo ang Rome.
Walang malakas na plota ang Rome subalit naig parin ito laban sa Carthage noong
241 B.C.E. Nagsanay pa ang Rome ng mga
sundalo at bilang tanda ng pagkapanalo, sinakop nito ang Sicily, ang unang
lalawigan ng Rome sa labas ng territory nito.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>Ikalawang Digmaang Punic (218 – 202 B.C.E) </b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">- Sinalakay ni <b>Hannibal</b>, heneral ng Carthage ang Saguntum sa
Spain na alyado sa Rome. Kasama ang 40,000 na sundalo tinawid nila ang timog
France at Bundok Alps at tinalo ang malaking hukbo sa Cannae, subalit hinintay
ni Hannibal ang karagdagang pwersa ngunit sinalakay ni <b>Scipio Africannus</b>, isang
Roman General, ang Hilangang Africa. Hindi na nagpatuloy pa si Hannibal at
kanyang sinagip ang kanyang kababayan, at sya ay natalo sa labanan sa <b>Zama
noong 202 B.C.E</b>. Pumayag ang Carthage sa isang kasunduan na sirain ang plota
nito at magbayad taun-taon ng buwis sa
Rome.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>Ikatlong Digmaang Punic (149 B.C.E – 146 B.C.E)</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> – matapos ang 50 na
taon, sinalakay ng <b>Carthage </b>ang isang kaalyado ng <b>Rome</b>, at sinalakay ng Rome
ang Carthage, ginawang alipin ang mga mamamayan at kinuha ang lahat ng mga
pag-aari.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>Tagumpay sa Silangan</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: small;">Matapos ang <b>Ikatlong Digmaang Punic</b>, ang mga hukbo ng Rome ay
nagtungo sa </span><b>Macedonia</b><span style="font-size: small;"> at napasailalim ang iba pang lungsod-estado ng Greece.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>100 B.C.E</b> – napasakamay ng Rome ang lahat ng lupain sa may
baybayin ng Mediterranean at tinawag ng mga Roman ang Mediterranean bilang Mare
Nostrum o Aming Dagat.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>Pagbabago dulot sa Paglawak ng Kapangyarihang Roman</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Dinagdagan ng Senate ang kapangyarihan at katanyagan
nito at ang mga Assembly ay naging nagapagpatibay na lamang ng mga batas na
nais ng Senate.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Lubos na nasira ang mga sakahan sa Rome sa pamiminsala
ni Hannibal, nawalan ng lupang sakahan ang mga magsasaka<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">War Booty – yaman na napanalunan sa mga digmaan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Nakinabang sa mga War booty ang mayayaman at higit
nang lumawak ang agwat nito sa mahihirap.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Nagiba ang ugali ng mga tao tungo sa pamahalaan,
naging sakim sila at nabulag sa marangyang pamumuhay.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>Ang Banta ng Digmaang Sibil</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>Tiberius at Gaius Gracchus</b> –
magkapatid na tribune; ayon sa kanila, mapanganib sa katatagan ng Republic ang
lumalaking agwat sa pagitan ng mayaman at mahirap.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>133 B.C.E</b> – nagpanukala ng batas si
Tiberius Gracchus na ipapamahagi ang mga lupain nakuha mula sa digmaan , upang
magkaroon ang mga mahihirap ng lupang sakahan. Nais din nyang limitahan ang
lupain na maaring ariin ng mga mayayaman. Dahil dito, ipinapatay sya ng isang
grupo ng mayayaman.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>123 B.C.E</b> – ipinagpatuloy ni Gaius
Gracchus ang sinimulan ni Tiberius. Pinapatay ang kanayang mga taga-sunod at
sya at nagpatiwakal.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>105 B.C.E </b>- Sa pagkamatay ng
magkapatid na Gracchus, sumiklab ang serye ng rebelyon at nauwi sa digmaang
sibil.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>Sulla </b>– naging diktador sa pagbalik
ng kaayusan sa Roma, ginawa nyang 600 ang miyembro ng senate at inalis ang karapatan
ng assembly na maghain ng batas.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>Triumvirate </b>– isang union na
mangangasiwa sa pamahalaan; binuo nina <b>Julius Caesar, Pompey, at Crassus.<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>Julius Caesar </b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">- naging gobernador ng gaul at
napalawak nya ito hanggang <b>France at Belgium.</b> Inutusan sya ng senate na bumalik
sa Rome ng walang kasamang hukbo ngunit sinalungat nya ito at bumalik sa Rome
kasama ang kanyang hukbo. Sa takot kay Caesar, tumakas ang senate kabilang si
Pompey sa Greece ngunit hinabol sya ni Caesar at pinatay.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Pagbalik sa Rome sya ay ginawang diktador<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Binawasan nya ang kapangyarihan ng senate at ginawa
itong 900 na miyembro<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -4.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Binigyan ng Roman Citizenship ang naninirahan sa Italy<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -4.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Inayos ang pagbabayad ng buwis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 4.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">v<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Nangamba ang senate na baka wakasan ni Caesar ang
Republic at maging<b> “rex”</b> o ideklara ang sarili bilang Hari, kaya’t nagplano
silang patayin si Caesar.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>Marcus Brutus</b> – matalik na kaibigan
ni Caesar, kabilang sa mga kasabwat sa pagkamatay nito.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>Augustus: Unang Roman Emperor</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>Octavian</b> – apo sa pamangkin ni
Caesar na ginawa nyang tagapagmana bago mamatay.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>43 B.C.E</b> – binuo ni Octavian ang
Second Triumvirate kasama sina Mark Antony at Marcus Lepidus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Naghati sa kapangyarihan si
Octavian at Mark Antony<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>Rome at Kanluran</b> – Octavian<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>Egypt at Silangan</b> – Mark Antony<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>Cleopatra</b> – reyna ng Egypt; napamahal
kay Mark Antony at binigyan sya ng lupa.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Nakarating sa Rome ang balak nina
Mark antony na sumalakay, Bumuo si Octavian ng hukbo at sa naganap na labanan
sa Actium, sinundan ni Mark Antony si Cleopatra at iniwan ang kanyang hukbo,
nagpakamatay sila.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>Augustus </b>– pangalan na iginawad ng
senate kay Octavian na ginagamit patungkol sa isang banal na lugar o banal na
akto. GInawaran din sya ng titulong “Imperator”, sa kanya nagsimula ang
Imperyong Roman.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>Limang Siglo ng Imperyo</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>Pax Romana o Kapayapaang Roman</b> –
ang unang dalawa at kalahating siglo na panahon ng katahimikan at kasaganahan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Umunlad ang kalakalan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Umunlad ang panitikan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>Aeneid </b>– isinulat ni Virgil ukol sa paglalakbay ni Aeneas
pagbagsak ng troy<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>Metamorphoses</b> – binigyang buhay ni Ovid ang Greek and Roman
Myths.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>Pliny</b> – Natural History; tangkang pagisahin ang mga tungkol
sa kalikasan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>Tacitus</b> – History and Annals; pamamahala ng mga Julian at
Flavian Caesar<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>Livy</b> – from the founding of the city; kasaysayan ng Rome<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>Mga Emperador pagkatapos ni Augustus</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>14 C.E</b> – namatay si Augustus at iginawad kay Tiberius ang
titulong Imperator<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Ang Rome ay nagkaroon ng Ibat’ibang uri ng Emperador, at ito
ay nagmula sa Dinastiya ng Julio-Claudian<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>Caligula (37-41 C.E)</b> – nilustay ang pera sa labanan ng mga
gladiator. Siya ay may diperansya sa pag-iisip at nagaakalang sya ay isa ding
Gladiator.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>Gladiator</b> – karaniwang mga criminal, alipin o bihag na
nakikipaglaban sa isat’isa.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>Nero (54-68 C.E)</b> – pinapatay nya ang lahat ng ayaw nya
kabilang ang kanyang asawa at ina. Inakusahan sya sa pagsunog sa Roma habang
natutuwa habang ito ay nagaganap.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>Mga Magagaling</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>Tiberius</b> – magaling ang administrador bagamat isang diktador<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>Claudius (41-54 C.E)</b> – lumikha ng isang burukrasya na binubuo
ng mga batikang administrador.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Dinastiyang Flavian <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>Vespacian (69-79 C.E)</b>
- maayos sa pananalapi at pagpapatayo ng imprastraktura<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>Limang Mahuhusay na Emperador o Dakilang Panahon ng Imperyo</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>Nerva (96-98 C.E)</b> – nagpautang sa bukirin at inilaan sa mga
alila<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>Trajan (98-117 C.E) </b>– narrating ng imperyo ang pinakamalawak
na hangganan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>Antoninus Pius (138 -161 C.E)</b> – ipinagbawal ang pagpapahirap
sa mga kristiyano<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>Hadrian (117-138C.E)</b> – patakaran nya ang palakasin agn
hangganan ng imperyo<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>Marcus Aurelius (161-180 C.E)</b> – isang iskolar, manunulat at
pilosopong stoic<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>Pilosopong Stoic</b> -
paghahanap ng kaligayahan na makakamtan sa pamamagitan ng banal na
kalooban<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Humina ang Roma dahil sa mga pananalakay at digmaang sibil<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>Diocletian at Constantine</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Napigil nila ang digmaang sibil<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>Diocletian (284- 305 C.E)</b> – hinati nya angang imperyo sa
dalawa<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>Despotism</b> – walang takda ang kapangyarihan ng pinuno<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>Constantine (324C.E)</b> –ipinagpatuloy nya ang despotism, at
inilipat sa <b>Byzantium</b> na binigyan ng bagong pangalan alinsunod sa kanya,
<b>Constantinople.</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>Theodosius I (382 – 395 C.E)</b> – huling emperador ng
nagkakaisang imperyo. Sa pagkamatay nya ay nahati sa 2 nyang anak. Sina
<b>Honorius at Arcadius.<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>Pamana ng Rome</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Sila ang pinakamagagaling na mambabatas<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Panitikan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>Livius Andronicus</b> – nagsalin ng Odyssey sa latin<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>Marcus Plautus at Terence</b>- unang manunulat ng comedy<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>Lucretius at Catullus</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>Cicero</b> – isang manunulat at orador na nagpahalaga sa batas,
ayon sa kanya hindi dapat maapektuhan ang batas ng kapangyarihan at pera<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>Arkitektura</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>Stucco</b>- semento o plaster na ipinapahid na pantakip sa labas
ng pader<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Silang tumuklas ng concrete<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>Arch</b> – natutunan nila mula sa Etruscan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>Basilica</b>- ipinakilala
ng mga Roman<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>Forum</b> – sentro ng lungsod<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>Amphitheater</b> – para sa labanan ng mga gladiator<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Tahanan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>Atrium-</b> lugar sa loob
ng tahanan kung saan madalas tumitigil ang pamilya<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Pananamit<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Lalaki <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>Tunic-</b> kasuotang pambahay sa lalaki<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>Toga-</b> isinusuot ng lalaki kapag lumalabas<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>Stola </b>– kasuotang pambahay sa babae<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>Palla-</b> inilalagay sa ibabaw ng stola kapag ang babae ay
lumalabas<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> -end-</span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09933937718169790923noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7182399755979143933.post-50334156061906517792014-06-13T18:34:00.002-07:002014-06-13T18:36:38.291-07:00World History (Chapter 12)<div class="MsoNormal">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Aralin 12:
Ang Kabihasnang Greek<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Kabihasnang Greek </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">– Sila ang nagpatangyag sa <b>Kabihasnang Klasikal</b>, kumpara sa ilog
sila ay nakasentro sa <b>Karagatan</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Greece</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">- nasa timog na dulo ng <b>Balkan Peninsula</b> sa timog-silangang
europa.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Hellene </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">– tawag ng mga Greek sa kanilang <b>sarili<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Hellas</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> – tumutukoy sa <b>kabuuang lupain</b> ng sinaunang Greece<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Panahong Hellenic (800 B.C.E – 338
B.C.E)</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> – tugatog ng
kasikatan ng <b>Kabihasnang Greek</b>
hanggang sa pagtatapos nito noong 338 B.C.E: Ang unang <b>paligsahan ng mga laro</b> bilang <b>parangal
kay Zeus</b> ang naging <b>hudyat ng
pagsisimula</b> ng panahong ito.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Polis</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> – <b>city-state</b> sa Greece; Malaya ito at may sariling pamahalaan ang
bawat isa at <b>nakasentro sa iisang
lungsod</b>, binubuo ng <b>magkakamaganak
at isang Hari</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Acropolis</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> – <b>pinakamataas na lugar</b> sa isang polis.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Agora</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> – gitna ng lungsod at dito ay
maaaring <b>magtinda at magtipon-tipon</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">2 lungsod ang naging tanyag; ang
Athens at Sparta. <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Athens:
Isang Demokratikong Polis<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Athens</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> – ito ang naging <b>sentro ng kalakalan at kultura</b> ng
Greece. Binago ng Athens ang kanilang pamamahala at nagtatag ng pamahalaan ng
mga <b>lupon ng mga dugong bughaw</b>, ang tawag sa ganitong
uri ng pamamahala ay <b>Oligarkiya o
Oligarchy</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">594 B.C.E</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> – pinalawig ang pamamahala ng <b>Demokrasya<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">3
nagpalawig ng Demokrasya sa Athens<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Solon</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> – nilikha nya ang <b>Council of 400</b>; binigyan ng <b>karapatan ng pagiging mamamayan</b> ang mga
mangagawa na hindi ipinanganak sa Athens.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pisistratus</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> – ipinagtanggol niya ang <b>katayuan ng mahihirap</b>, ipinamahagi nya
ang mga lupain ng mayayaman sa mga mahihirap na walang lupa.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Cleisthene</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">s – sinimulan nya ang paghihintulot
sa mga mamamayan na <b>palayasin ang isang
opisyal</b> na sa tingin nila ay <b>masama</b>,
ang sistemang ito ay tinawag na <b>Ostracism.</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Direct democracy</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> ang ipinaiiral sa <b>Athens,</b> ngunit hindi kabahagi sa
sistemang ito ang <b>kababaihan at mga
banyaga.<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pericles (443 B.C.E – 429 B.C.E)</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> – sa kanyang panahon naranasan ang <b>tugatog ng Demokrasya</b> sa <b>Athens</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Sparta :
Isang Mandirigmang Polis <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Sparta</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> – nagpalawig naman ito ng lupain at
sinakop <b>ang ibang karatig</b> sa
rehiyon. Nanatili ang layunin nito na lumikha ng <b>magagaling
na mandirigma</b>. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">7 taong gulang</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
- iniaalis sa kanilang tahanan at dinadala sa kampo <b>upang sanayin</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">20 taong gulang</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> – ganap na silang sundalo at maaari
nang magpakasal ngunit kailangan parin <b>manatili
sa kampo.<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Helot</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> – mga <b>magsasakang</b> nagmula sa kanilang <b>nasakop</b> <b>na lupain.</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Banta ng
Persia<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">499 B.C.E</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> – sinalakay ni <b>Darius I</b>, kahalili ni Cyrus the Great sa trono, ang <b>mga kalapit na kolonya ng Greek,</b>
nagpadala ang Athens ng tulong ngunit <b>natalo</b>
parin ang pwersa nito.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Bilang <b>paghahanda</b> sa pagnanalakay ng <b>Persia,</b> sinimulan ng <b>Athens </b>ang <b>pagpapagawa ng Plota o Fleet.</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ang Digmaang Graeco – Persia (499
B.C.E – 479 B.C.E)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">490 B.C.E Battle of Marathon </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">– humiling ng tulong ang Athens sa
Sparta laban sa Persia, ngunit hindi dumating, at <b>nanalo parin ang mga Athens</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">480
B .C.E – Battle of Thermopylae</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> – ipinagpatuloy ni <b>Xerxes,</b>
anak ni Darius ang pagpapabagsak sa Athens at <b>tinalo ang pwersa ng Sparta at sinunog ang Acropolis</b> matapos
bihagin ang Athens.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Battle of Salamis</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> – hindi nawalan ng pag-asa ang
Athens at tinipon ang mga barko nito at <b>natalo
ang plota ni Xerxes.<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Battle of Plataea</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> – <b>tinalo ng Athens </b>ang mga <b>nalalabing
pwersa ng Persian</b> sa Greece, bumalik si Xerxes sa Asia Mino at kinalimutan
ang tangkang sakupin ang Athens.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_GoBack"></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Digmaang Peloponnesian( 431 B.C.E –
404 B.C.E )<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Delian League</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> – <b>federation </b>na <b>binuo ng mga
pinagbuklod na lungsod-estado</b> sa Greece. Ngunit <b>hindi naging maganda</b> ang kinahinatnan ng Delian League, inuna ng
Athens ang kanilang kapakanan at hindi naging ganap ang pagbubuklod ng mga
lungsod-estado kung hindi naging <b>daan upang mapalawig ang nasasakupan ng
Athens.<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Digmaang Peloponnesian</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> – dahil sa alitan ng mga
lungsod-estado ay sumiklab ang digmaan <b>laban
sa Athens </b>at <b>ang namuno sa laban </b>dito
ay ang mga <b>Sparta, at nagwagi ang Sparta
noong 404 B.C.E. <o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ngunit ang
pagkatalo ng Athens ay <b>hindi sapat upang
tuldukan </b>ang <b>mga alitan</b> na
nagaganap sa pagitan ng mga lungsod-estado hanggang sa <b>bumagsak ang Sparta</b> sa <b>Labanang
Leuctra</b> noong 371 B.C.E. <b>Iniwan</b>
ng Digmaang ito ang Greece na <b>mahina at
watak-watak.</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Imperyong Macedonian (336 B.C.E – 263
B.C.E )<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">King Phillip</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> – balak niyang <b>pagisahin ang Greece</b> sa ilalim ng kanyang pamamahala.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">338 B.C.E </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">– <b>tinalo ni King Phillip</b> ang <b>Athens
at Thebes</b> sa Labanan sa Chaerona sa Boeotia. Ito ay naghudyat ng <b>pagtatapos ng mga lungsod-estado</b> at ang
buong Greece <b>maliban sa Sparta</b> ay
napasailalim <b>sa kapangyarihan ng
Macedonia.<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Alexander the Great</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> – Nagtatag sya ng isang imperyo na
sumakop sa kabuuan ng <b>Kanlurang Asya,
Egypt at India</b>. Pinalawak nya ang <b>Kabihasnang
Asyano at Greek.<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Kabihasnang Hellenistic </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">– itinawag sa <b>Kabihasnang Greece</b> na hango sa salitang greek na <b>“ gayahin ang mga greek”.<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">323 B.C.E</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> – <b>namatay</b> si Alexander the Great <b>sa
sakit</b> sa Mesopotamia sa gulang na <b>32
taon.</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Pamana ng
Kabihasnang Greek<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Agham<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pythagoras</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> – Geometry, Pythagorean theorem<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Archimedes</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> – Circumference, Specific Gravity<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Euclid</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> – “Father of Geometry”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Aristarchus</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> – rotation of the earth<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Erastosthenes</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> – circumference ng Daigdig, latitude
and longitude<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Arkitektura<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pathenon</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> – templo na alay sa <b>diyosa na si Athena,</b> tama nga <b>disenyo at proporsyon </b>nito.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Doric </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">- pinakapayak<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ionic </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">– scroll ang kapital<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Corinthian</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> – pinakamagarbong dekorasyon sa
lahat.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Drama<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Dram</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">a- ritwal sa mga pista para kay
Dionysius, diyos ng alak<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Istruktura<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Karamihan
ng istruktura sa Greek ay gawa sa <b>tanso
at marmol.<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Phidias</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> – pinakamagaling na iskultor, gumawa
ng mga <b>palamuti sa Parthenon.</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Praxiteles </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">– lumikha ng <b>estatwa ni hermes</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Medisina<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Hippocrates </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">– lumikha ng <b>paaralan</b> para sa <b>medisina.</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Herophilus</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> – ama ng <b>Anatomy</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Erasistratus</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> – Ama ng <b>Physiology</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Alpabeto<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Tinanggap
nila ang <b>Phoenician Alphabet </b>at
dinagdagan ng <b>consonant at vowel. </b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Kasaysayan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Herodotus</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> – <b>“Ama ng kasaysayan”; </b>History of the Persian War.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Thucydides</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> –History of the <b>Peloponnesian War</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pananampalataya<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Hera</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> – diyosa ng pag-aasawa<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Aphrodite</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> – diyosa ng pagibig<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Apollo</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> – diyos ng araw<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Artemis</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> – diyosa ng kalikasan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Demeter</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> – diyosa ng butyl at ani<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Athena</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> – karunungan at digmaan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Dionysus –</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> diyos ng alak at ng halaman<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Hephaestus</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> – diyos ng apoy<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Hermes</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> – tagapaghatid ng mga mensahe<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Poseidon</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> – diyos ng karagatan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Oracle</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> – templo na tuwi-tuwina’y dinadalaw
ng mga diyos.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pilosopiya <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Socrates</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> – “the unexamined life is not worth
living”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Plato</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> – <b>istudyante ni Socrates</b>; sa akdang <b>Republic</b> inilahad ang kanyang ideyal na estado; <b>“Ang Batas ay para sa lahat”.<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<br />
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Aristotle</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> – <b>pinakamatalinong estudyante ni Plato;</b> “ang anumang teorya ay dapat
lamang tangapin kung sangayon ito sa mga datos na naobserbahan”.<br /><br /><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />-end-</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-</span></div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09933937718169790923noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7182399755979143933.post-63907741558440579552014-06-13T18:32:00.001-07:002014-06-13T18:33:00.468-07:00World History (Chapter 11)<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Aralin 11: Kabihasnang Minoan at Mycenean<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Aegean Sea</b> – dito
sumibol ang mga kabihasnan na nakasentro
sa Crete</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Crete at Greek
Peninsula</b> – sinasabing lunduyan ng <b>kabihasnang
Kanluranin</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Kabihasnang Minoan<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Minoan</b> – unang
kabihasnang nabuo sa Crete. Ang salitang ito ay hango sa pangalan ni Haring
Minos, at ayon sa mga mito, si Minos ay anak Zeus na hari ng mga diyos at ni
Europa na isang nilalang mula sa Syria.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>4000 B.C.E – 3000
B.C.E <o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Dumating ang mga ninuno ng mga taga-Crete na nanggaling sa
Anatolia at Syria; Neolitiko ang antas ng kanilang teknolohiya.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Sir Arthur Evans</b>(English
Archeologist) – nagsagawa ng paghuhukay sa Lungsod ng Knossos sa Crete, ito ay
sinaunang lugar na binanggit ni Homer sa Iliad at Odyssey, ito rin ang kabisera
ng kabihasnang Minoan; Natagpuan ang isang gumuhong palasyo na yari sa makinis
na bato, may mga haliging kahoy, gypsum na hagdanan at dingding na
napapalamutian ng Fresco. Ang mga palasyo ay mayroon ding Drainage.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Fresco </b>– larawang
mabilisan subalit bihasang ipininta sa dingding habang basa pa ang plaster.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Drainage </b>–
sistema ng paagusan ng tubig sa silong ng palasyo.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Sistema ng Pagsulat<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Nang hukayin ang lungsod, 2 uri ng pagsulat ang nakita at
tinawag itong <b>Linear A at Linear B.</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Michael Ventris</b>(Cryptologist)
at <b>John Chadwick</b>(Classical Scholar)
–pinatunayan ang 2 uri ng sistema ng pagsulat bilang</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Linear A </b>- sistema ng
pagsusulat ng mga Minoans na mapasangayon ay hindi parin na iintindihan.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Linear B</b> –
sistema ng pagsusulat ng mga Mycenaeans na naiintindihan na.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Kalakalan sa Ibayong
Dagat<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Ang <b>Crete </b>ay
yumaman dulot ng pakikipagkalakalan sa Ibayong dagat. May mga produkto sila
tulad ng mga palayok at sandata na gawa sa tanso, ang kalakalang ito ay lumawak
sa tulong ng mga plota o fleet hanggang sa Greece, Cyprus, Syria at Egypt.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Alamat ng Minotaur<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Ang <b>Minotaur</b> ay
may ulo ng toro at katawang tao. Siya ay anak ng isang toro at ni <b>Reyna Pasiphae</b>, na asawa ni <b>Minos</b>, ang <i>hari ng Crete.</i> Lumaking mabagsik ang Minotaur at taon-taon nagaalay
ng pitong lalaki at dalaga, sinasabing ang mg ahandog na ito ay ipinagkaloob ni
<b>Aegeus</b>, <i>hari ng greek</i>, kay minos bilang tributo. Tanging si <b>Theseus</b> lang ang nagtagumpay na patayin
ang Minotaur, at nakalabas nya sa sanga-sangang pasilyo sa tulong ni <b>Ariadne</b>, anak na dalaga ni <b>Haring Minos</b>, na magtali ng sinulid sa
pintuan.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Sining ng Minoan<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
-tinangap ng mga minoan ang impluwensya ng Egypt sa kanilang sining</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Double Axe</b> –
nakaukit sa mga banal na haligi ng Crete at ginagamit sa mga ritwal</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Figure-of-Eight
Shield</b> – bahagi sa disenyo ng mga Fresco sa mga pader at ginamit ng mga
mandirigma.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Relihiyon ng Minoan </b>–
nakasentro sa pagsamba sa Mother Goddess na pinaniniwalaang ugat ng lahat ng
buhay.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Kabihasnang Mycenaean<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Nasa paligid ng Caspian Sea. Sila ay lumikas at nandayuhan
sa Greece, matapos ay sinalakay nila ang Knossos at iba pang lungsod sa Crete
at tinapos ang Kabihasnang Minoan sa Aegean Sea. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Achaeans</b> –
tinawag ni Homer sa mga Mycenaeans na nagwakas sa Kabihasnang Minoan.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Lungsod ng Mycenae<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Mycenae</b> –
pinakamalaki sa mga lungsod na matatagpuan malapit sa kapatagan ng Argos.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Agamemnon </b>–
pinakatanyag na Hari ng Mycenae.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Heinrich Schliemann</b>
– humukay sa mga gumuhang labi ng Mycenae noong 1870.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Lungsod ng Troy<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Troy</b> – lungsod na
matatagpuan sa may baybayin ng Mediterranean Sea at mapalit sa Turkey. Naging makapangyarihan
ito dulot ng lokasyon dahil kaya nilang pigilin ang kalakalan sa Aegean Sea at
Black Sea at sumingil ng mataas na buwis. Sinubukang itong kubkubin ng mga
Mycenaeans subalit sila ay nabigo, di kalaunan at napasakamay din nila ang
troy.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Iliad</b> - isang
epiko tungkol sa naganap na labanan sa pagitan ni <b>Achilles</b>, <i>mandirigmang Greek </i>at
ni <b>Hector</b>, <i>isang prinsipeng Trojan</i>.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Homer</b> – isang
bulag na makata na nabuhay sa Asia Minor noong 800 B.C.E at sumulat ng Iliad
and Odyssey.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Kulturang Mycenaean <o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Ang mga Mycenaean ay naniniwala kay <b>Zeus</b>. Ang kanilang mga sandata at libingan ng mga hari ay yari sa
ginto. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Nagwakas ang kabihasnang Mycenaeans dahil sa malawakang
pakikipaglaban nito sa isa’t isa.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<span style="text-align: justify;"> -end-</span>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09933937718169790923noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7182399755979143933.post-16624918096734117652014-06-12T03:25:00.000-07:002014-06-12T03:25:52.624-07:00World History (Chapter 10)<div align="center" data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-large;" face="Calibri" size="5" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; font-size: large; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 18pt;" style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Aralin 10: Pamana ng Sinaunang Kabihasnan</strong></span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Mesopotamia</strong></span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">- lunduyan ng kabihasnan</span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"> - ang mga pangkat ng tao na nanirahan dito ay nag-iwan ng mga pamana na nagpapakita ng kanilang pagiging malikhain at kahusayan sa iba’t ibang bagay.</span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Sumerian</strong></span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">-isa sa mga pangkat ng tao na nairahan sa Mesopotamia.</span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">-nalikha ang mga mahahalagang bagay tulad ng GULONG, LAYAG, ARARO, at mga BANGKA atbp.</span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Cuneiform</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">- nalinang ng Sumer.</span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">-kauna-unahang sistematikong paraan ng pagsulat sa buong Daigdig.</span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Behistun Rock (Henry Rawlinson 1847</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">) - nagsilbing susi upang maunawaan ng mga dalubhasa ang mga nakasulat sa mga naiwang luwad sa lapida ng mga taga-Mesopotamia</span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;"> Ziggurat</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">- estruktura kung saan pinaparangalan at</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">sinasamba ang Diyos o patron ng isang lungsod.</strong></span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Epic of Gilgamesh</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">- kauna-unahang akdang pampanitikan sa buong daigdig.</span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Sexagesimal System</strong></span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">- pagbibilang na nakabatay sa 60.</span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Hittite-</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Gumamit ng barya para sa pakikipagkalakalan.</span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Phoenician</strong></span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Phonetic Alphabet</strong></span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">-makabagong paraan ng pagsusulat.</span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Persian</strong></span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Zoroastrianism</strong></span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">-relihiyon na itinatag ni Zarathushtra o Zoroaster.</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Iba pang Mahahalagang Ambag ng mga taga- Mesopotamia</strong></span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold;" style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Water Clock</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">- kalendaryong nakabatay sa siklo ng buwan.</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Paggawa ng mga unang mapa.</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Paggamit ng tanso sa mga sandata.</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Nagpaunlad ng mga kaisipan ukol sa astronomiya.</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold;" style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Ur-Nammu</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">-naghari sa lungsod estado ng Ur sa Mesopotamia. Bumuo sa unang batas</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold;" style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Code of Hammurabi</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">-naglalaman ng 282 na batas na pumapaksa sa halos na aspekto ng pang araw-araw na buhay . “AN EYE FOR AN EYE, A TOOTH FOR A TOOTH.”</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Kabihasnang Indus</strong></span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Urban o City Planning </strong></span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">-ang mga kalsada sa matatandang lungsod na Mohenjo-Daro at Harappa ay nakaayos na parang mga nagsasalubong na guhit o grid patterned.</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Gumamit sila ng Sewerage system at pag-aagusan o drainage.</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Vedas</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">-naglalarawan ng mga pangyayari noong unang milenyo ng paghaharing mga Aryan sa hilaga at hilagang kanlurang India.</span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Mahabharata</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">(The Great Story of the Bharata) -salaysay hinggil sa isang maitnding tunggalian ng dalawang pamilya na magkakamag-anak na Pandava para sa kaayusan at Kaurava para sa kasamaan at kaguluhan.</span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Bhagavad Gita</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">-tulang matatagpuan sa Mahabharata.</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Ramayana</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">-isang salaysay tungkol sa bhay ni Prinsipe Rama at kanyang asawang si Sita na dinakip ni Ravana.</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Arthasastra</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">-isinulat ni Kautilya; -kauna-unahang akda o treatise hinggil sa pamahalaan at ekonomiya.</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Iba pang Pamana ng Kabihasnang Indus</strong></span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Surgery</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Ampututation</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Caesarian Section</span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Cranial Surgery</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Aspektong Arkitektural</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Angkor Wat- Cambodia </span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Borobodur- Indonesia</span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Taj Mahal sa India </span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Aspektong Pangrelihiyon</span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Apat na dakilang Relihiyon</span></span></div>
</li>
</ul>
<ul data-mce-style="margin-top: 0mm; margin-bottom: 0mm;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0mm 0px 0mm 2em; padding: 0px;">
<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 23pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Courier New; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 23pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Hinduism</span></span></div>
</li>
<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 23pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Courier New; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 23pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Buddhism</span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 23pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Courier New; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 23pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Jainism</span></span></div>
</li>
<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 23pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Courier New; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 23pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Sikhism</span></span></div>
</li>
</ul>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Kabihasnang Tsino</strong></span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Ang bawat dinastiya sa Tsina ay nagiwan ng mga dakilang pamana.</span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Dinastiyang Shang</strong></span></span></div>
<ul data-mce-style="margin-top: 0mm; margin-bottom: 0mm;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0mm 0px 0mm 2em; padding: 0px;">
<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Paggamit ng tanso sa metalurhiya</span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold;" style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Oracle Bone</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">- sistema ng pagsulat ng China kung saan naukit ang mga unang karakter na Tsino</span></span></div>
</li>
</ul>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Dinastiyang Zhou</strong></span></span></div>
<ul data-mce-style="margin-top: 0mm; margin-bottom: 0mm;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0mm 0px 0mm 2em; padding: 0px;">
<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Larangan ng Kaisipan at Pilosopiya</span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Confucius</span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Mencius</span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Lao Zi</span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Sun Zi o Sun Tzu</span></span></div>
</li>
</ul>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Dinastiyang Quin</strong></span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Great Wall of China -isang milyong tao ang sapilitang nagtrabaho noong panahon ni Shih Huang Ti</span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Dinastiyang Han</strong></span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Nagamit ang mga:</span></span></div>
<ul data-mce-style="margin-top: 0mm; margin-bottom: 0mm;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0mm 0px 0mm 2em; padding: 0px;">
<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Silk- mahalagang produkto na nanggaling sa Asya</span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Magnetic Compass</span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold;" style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Seismograph</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">- instrumentong nakapagtatala ng lindol</span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Block Painting</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Civil Service Examination</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Wheel Barrow</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Mill Wheel</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Sundial</span></span></div>
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</ul>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Kabihasnang Egyptian</strong></span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Egyptian </strong></span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Piramide</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">- libingan ng mga Pharaoh </span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Mummification</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">- ang Egyptian ay gumagamit ng mga kemikal upang patuyuin ang bangkay. Pagkatapos ay ang isang mummy o embalsamadong bangkay ay pinipintahan, binabalutan ng linen at pinalalamutian ng alahas </span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Book of Dead</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">- koleksyon ng ritwal at kinagawian sa paglilibing ng mga Egyptian.</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Hieroglyphics</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">- sistema ng pagsusulat ng mga Egyptian</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Kabihasnang MesoAmerica<br />at South America</strong></span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Pamana ng Inca</strong></span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold;" style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Machu Picchu</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">- natagpuan ni</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Hiram Bangham</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">sa</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Aztec</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">. Kuta din ito ng mga Inca sa itaas ng bundol</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Kalendaryo</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Lansangan</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Hanging Bridge</span></span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09933937718169790923noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7182399755979143933.post-51052286645574149012014-06-12T03:20:00.004-07:002014-06-12T03:20:49.495-07:00World History (Chapter 9)<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; font-size: large;" face="Calibri" size="4" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 16pt;" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Aralin 9 : Ang Kabihasnan sa Mesoamerica at South America</strong></span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Olmec (1300 B.C.E)</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– pinakaunang kabihasnang umusbong sa America; kasalukuyang Mexico.</span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Mga Unang Ugnayang Asya-America</strong></span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Dahil sa Ice Age, bumaba ang level ng tubig asa karagatan dahil sa pagkabuo ng mga Glaciers.</span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Bering Strait</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– pinaniniwalaang dating tuyong lupain na nagsilbing tulay sa pagitan ng Asya at North America.</span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Naputol ang ugnayan ng 2 kontinente nang matunaw ang glaciers. Ito rin ang dahila kung bakit kaiba ang</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">teknolohiyang nalinang ng sinaunang tao ng america.</strong></span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Heograpiya ng Mesoamerica</strong></span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Mesoamerica o Central</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">(Meso; “gitna”) – lunduyan ng mga unang kabihasnan sa America; rehiyon sa pagitan ng</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><em style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Sinaloa River Valley</em></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">(sa Gitnang Mexico) at Gulf of Fonseca sa katimugan ng</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><em style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">El Salvador</em></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">. Ang hangganan ay sa, Ilog ng</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><em style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Panuco</em></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">at</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><em style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Santiago</em></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">(Hilaga),</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><em style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Honduras</em></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">(Atlantic), Slope ng</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><em style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Nicaragua (</em></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Pacific) at Tangway ng</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><em style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Costa Rica.</em></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">(Timog)</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">-saklaw nito ang malaking bahagi ng Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, El Salvador, at kanlurang bahagi ng Honduras.</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">-naitatag ang unang paninirahan ng mga tao</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">-isa sa mga unang pinagusbungan ng agrikultura</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">-May malaking populasyon sa kasalukuyang panahon</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Ang mga Pamayanang Nagsasaka (2000 B.C.E – 1500 B.C.E)</strong></span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">3500 B.C.E</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">–</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">nagtatanim</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">ang mga sinaunang tao ng</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">mais</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">at iba pang produkto sa matabang lupain ng</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Yucatan Peninsula at kasalukuyang Veracruz.</strong></span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">1500 B.C.E</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– nagsimulang manirahan sa mga pamayanan ang mga taga-mesoamerica</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">2000 B.C.E – 900 B.C.E</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– nagkakaroon na ng politikal at panlipunang kaayusan ang Mesoamerica</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Ang mga Olmec (1500 B.C.E – 500 B.C.E) –</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">kaunaunahang kabihasnang umusbong sa</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Central America</strong></span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Ang Olmec ay nangangahulugang</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">“Rubber people”</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">dahil sila ang unang gumamit ng punong rubber o goma.</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Pamayanang Agrikultural</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Sistemang irigasyon</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">May kalendayo at pagsulat na katulad ng Hieroglyphics.</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold;" style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Pok-a-tok</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– panritwal na laro na kahalintulad ng sa bastketball subalit hindi maaaring gumamit ng kamay upang hawakan ang bola; ilang manlalaro ang ginagawang sakripisyo matapos ang laro</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Kilala rin sila sa paglililok</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold;" style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Jaguar</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– sinasambang hayop nanagpapakita ng lakas, katusuhan at kakayahang manirahan saan mang lugar.</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic;" style="font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 1.428571em;"><em style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">San Lorenzo at La Venta</em></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">ang sentrong pangkalakalan</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Bumagsak din at ang mga sumunod na tao ay nagsimulang maitatag ang dakilang lungsod ng Teotihuacan.</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">TEOTIHUACAN (200-750 C.E)</strong></span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">200 B.C.E</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– ilang lugar sa lambak ng mexico ang naging mas maunlad dahil sa ugnayang pangkalakalan.</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Teotihuacan</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– isa sa mga dakila at pinakamalaking lungsod noong</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">200 B.C.E</strong></span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal;" style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.428571em;">Nangangahulugang</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">“tirahan ng diyos”</strong></span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Noong 200 B.C.E kakaunti pa lamang ang mga tao, subalit sa pagitan ng 150 -750 C.E, ang populasyon nito ay minsan g umaabot sa</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">120,000.</strong></span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold;" style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Pyramid of the Sun</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– nagbibigay ng karangyaan, kadakilaan, at kapangyarihan sa lungsod.</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold;" style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Obsidian</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– ginamit nila bilang panggawa ng kagamitan.</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold;" style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Nobility</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– matagumpay na namuno sa pamamagitan ng pagkontrol sa ekonomiya, pag-angkop sa relihiyon at pagpapasunod ng pwersahan.</span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold;" style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Quetzalcoatl</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">–</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><em style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Feathered Serpent God.</em></span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">600 C.E - ilang mga tribo sa hilaga ang sumalakay</span></span></div>
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<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Maya</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">( 1000-900 C.E) – namayani sa</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><em style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Yucatan Peninsula</em></span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Nabuo rito ang pamayanang </span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><em style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Uaxactun, Tikal, El Mirador</em></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">, at</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><em style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Copan.</em></span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">300 C.E – 700 C.E</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– nakamit ng maya ang rurok ng kanyang kabihasnan.</span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Halac Uinic</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– “</span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><em style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">tunay na lalak</em></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">i”; sila ang pinuno ng lipunang Maya.</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Pyramide</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– sentro ng bawat lungsod na dambana para sa mga diyos</span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Nagtatanim sila sa pamamagitan ng pagkakaingin</span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">850 – 950 C.E</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– ang karamihan sa sentro ng mga Maya ay iniwan at inabandona.</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">TOLTEC (1000 – 1300)</strong></span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">-umusbong sa Central Mexico noong 1000 C.E.</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Tula</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– pangunahing lungsod.</span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Nagmula sila sa kulturang Teotihuacan na nagsilakbay matapos ang pagbagsak ng kabihasnan.</span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Sinalakay sila ng mga Aztec ang tula upang kumuha ng mga materyales.</span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Nahuatl</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– wika ng mga Toltec at ginamit din ng mga Aztec</span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Sila ang kauna-unahang gumamit ng pwersang militar upang masakop ang kanilang mga karatig lugar.</span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Chalchiuh Tlatonac</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– kauna-unahang hari at taga-pagtatag ng</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Tula.</strong></span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Ang mga pinuno ng Toltec ay sinasamba bilang diyos pagkamatay.</span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">1300 C.E</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– winasak ng mga</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Chitimec</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">ang imperyo at ang Gitnang Mexico ay nalugmok sa kaguluhan at Digmaan.</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">AZTEC (1325-1521)</strong></span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Aztec –</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">“isang nagmula sa Aztlan”.</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Sila ay mga nomadikong tribo na ang orihinal na pinagmulan ay hindi tukoy.</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Aztlan</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– isang mitikong lugar sa Hilagang Mexico.</span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">1325 – Itinatag ang pamayanan ng Tenochtitlan.</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Tenochtitlan</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– isang maliit na isla sa gitna ng lawa ng texcoco na naging mahalagang sentrong pangkalakalan.</span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Nakabatay sa pagtatanim subalit wala silang kasangkapang pambungkal ng lupa.</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Umaasa sa mga pwersa ng kalikasan at sinasamba ito bilang diyos</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Huitzilopochtli</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– pinakamahalagang diyos ng mga Aztec; Diyos ng Araw.</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Tlaloc</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– diyos ng ulan</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Quetzalcoatl</strong></span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Nag-aalay din sila ng mga tao</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">1500</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– nagkaroon ng malawakang kampanyang militar at ekonomiko</span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Tlacaelel</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– isang tagapayo at heneral na nagbigay daan sa pagbabago.</span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Mga isinulong niya:</span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Pagsamba kay Huitzilopochtli.</span></span></div>
</li>
<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Kailangang manakop upang makabaghandog ng mga bihag</span></span></div>
</li>
<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Ang pagsasakripisyo ng mga tao ay naging kaparaanan upang makontrol at mapasunod ang mga karatig-lugar.</span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Pagbibigay ng tributo o buwis ng mga nasakop.</span></span></div>
</li>
</ul>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Kalaunan ay naging sentrong pangpolitikal at pangkabuhayan na rin ang</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Tenochtitlan sa Mesoamerica.</strong></span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Mahuhusay na inhenyero at tagapagtayo ng gma estruktura</span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Umabot sa 300,000 ang populasyon ng mga Aztec pagsapit ng 1500.</span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">1519 – dumating ang espanyol sa pamumuno ni</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Hernando Cortes.</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Inakala ni</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Montezuma II,</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">pinuno ng mga Aztec, na ang pagdating mga mga espanyol sa muling pagbabalik ng kanilang diyos dahil sa mapuputing kaanyuan ng mga ito.</span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Tuluyang bumagsak ang Tenochtitlan noong</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">1521.</strong></span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Unti-unting naubos ang populasyon ng mga Aztec mula sa 1.2 mil. Ay tinatayang 70,000 na lamang dahil sa mga pang-aalipin, digmaan, labis na paggawa at epidemya ng small pox noong 1680.</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">HEOGRAPIYA NG SOUTH AMERICA</strong></span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Amazon River</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– dumadaloy sa mayayabong na kagubatan.</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Andes Mountains</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– matatagpuan ang mga steppe at prairie.; Dito nabuo ang unang pamayanan.</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">1100 B.C.E - maraming pamayanan sa gitnang Andes ang naging sentrong panrelihiyon.</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">INCA (1400 – 1534)</strong></span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Lake Titicaca</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– sa kanlurang bahagi nito nakatira ang mga Inca sa matabang luoain ng lambak ng Cuzco.</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Inca</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– nangangahulugang</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">“imperyo”</strong></span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">1438 – pinatatag ni</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Cusi Inca Yupanqui</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">o Pachakuti</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">ang Inca sa pamamagitan ng pagkakaroon ng sentralisadong estado.</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Topa Yupanqui (1471-1493)</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– pinalawig nya ang imperyo hanggang hilagang Argentina. Napasailalim nya ang estado ng</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Chimor o Chimu</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">na matinding katunggali ng Inca.</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Huyana Capac</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– sa ilalim nya, nasakop ng Inca ang Ecuador.</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Paghahalintulad ng Inca sa Aztec:</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Nagmula sa maliit na tribo</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Bahagi ng kanilang paniniwala ang pagsamba sa araw bilang diyos</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Mahuhusay rin na inhenyero</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Francisco Pizarro</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– espanyol na mananakop ng Inca noong 1532 sa kanyang pagdating unti-unting humina ang imperyo, at pinalubha pa ito ng epidemya ng smallpox na dala ng mga</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><em style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">conquistador</em></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">o mananakop na espanyol.</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Huayna Capac</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– isa sa mga pinuno ng Inca na namatay sa epidemya noong 1525.</span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Bihag ang mga naging pinuno ng Inca si</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Pizarro</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">at ang pinahuling pinuno ng Inca ay si</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Tupac Amaru</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">, na pinugutan naman ng ulo noong 1572 at tuluyan nang nagwakas ang imperyo sa</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Andes.</strong></span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span style="line-height: 1.428571em;">-end-</span></span></span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09933937718169790923noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7182399755979143933.post-81991347456506369032014-06-12T03:19:00.000-07:002014-06-12T03:19:03.761-07:00World History (Chapter 8)<div align="center" data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-large;" face="Calibri" size="5" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; font-size: large; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 18pt;" style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Aralin 8: Ang Kabihasnang Egyptian</strong></span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Lower Egypt</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– sa may hilaga (Nile – Mediterranean Sea)</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Upper Egypt</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– Sa may timog (Libyan Desert – Abu Simbel)</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Nile River</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– 4, 160 mi. (timog –hilaga)</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">EGYPT- “</span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">pamana ng nile</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">”</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Aswan Dam –</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Fayum</strong></span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Putik</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– naiipon sa bunga-nga ng Nile at nagging Delta</span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">KASAYSAYAN NG EHYPTO</strong></span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">-ang kronolohiya at batay sa mga naghaharing pharaoh</span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Pharaoh</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– diyos na nagtataglay ng lihim ng langit at lupa.</span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Tungkulin ng Pharaoh.</strong></span></span></div>
<ul data-mce-style="margin-top: 0mm; margin-bottom: 0mm;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.9999942779541px; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0mm 0px 0mm 2em; padding: 0px;">
<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Irigasyon</span></span></div>
</li>
<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Kalakalan</span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Hukbo</span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Mga Batas</span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Kaayusan</span></span></div>
</li>
</ul>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Egytologist</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– nag-aaral sa kasaysayan ng Ehypto</span></span></div>
<ul data-mce-style="margin-top: 0mm; margin-bottom: 0mm;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.9999942779541px; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0mm 0px 0mm 2em; padding: 0px;">
<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">PREDYNASTIC PERIOD</span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">EARLY DYNASTIC PERIOD</span></span></div>
</li>
<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">OLD KINGDOM</span></span></div>
</li>
<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">FIRST INTERMEDIATE PERIOD</span></span></div>
</li>
<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">MIDDLE KINGDOM</span></span></div>
</li>
<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">SECOND INTERMEDIATE PERIOD</span></span></div>
</li>
<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">NEW KINGDOM</span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">THIRD INTERMEDIATE PERIOD</span></span></div>
</li>
<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">LATE PERIOD</span></span></div>
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</ul>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">PRE-DYNASTIC PERIOD</strong></span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Hieroglyphics</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">–</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">“ Sagradong Ukit”</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">sistema ng pagsulat ng mga Egyptians</span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Nomes</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">- “Distrito” o</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Malayang Pamayanan</strong></span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Nomarchs</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– pinuno ng isang Nomes</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">EARLY DYNASTIC PERIOD</strong></span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Nabuo ang Upper and Lower Egypt</strong></span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Menes</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">–</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">“The Unifier”</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"> napagisa nya ang Upper at Lower Egypt at Ginawa nyang kabisera ang</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Memphis</strong></span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">OLD KINGDOM</strong></span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Nagsimula sa</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">3</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;"><sup style="line-height: 1.428571em;">rd</sup></strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Dynasty</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Pyramid –</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">nagsisilbing huling hantungan ng mga Pharaoh</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Great Pyramid of GIZA</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– naitayo noong</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">2600 b.c.e</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">; may lawak</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">5.3hectares at 147 metro. </strong></span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Ang pinakamataas na pyramide ay</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">itinayo para kay Cheops.</strong></span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold;" style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">80</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">na pyramids yung naitayo, at ang mga pyramids ay kabilang sa</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><em style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Seven Wonders of The Ancient World.</em></span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Zoser I</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– unang</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">nagpatayo</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">ng mga pyramids</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">PEPI II</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">–</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">94 na taon namahala</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">, (6-100 yrs old) at ang pinakamatagal na naghari sa buong daigdig</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">FIRST INTERMEDIATE PERIOD (Dark Period)</strong></span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">7</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;"><sup style="line-height: 1.428571em;">th</sup></strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">to 11</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;"><sup style="line-height: 1.428571em;">th</sup></strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">dynasty.</strong></span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;"> Nagsagupaan ang Upper at Lower.</strong></span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Lower</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– Heracleopolis –</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Akhtoy</strong></span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Upper</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– Thebes –</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Inyotef o Antef</strong></span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;"><br /></strong></span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">MIDDLE KINGDOM ( Panahong Feudal)</strong></span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Mentuhotep I</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– natapos ang kaguluhan nang sya ang umupo</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Senuret I</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– nagsulong ng</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Militar</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">at pininagpatuloy ni</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Senusret III</strong></span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Amenemhet II</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– namayani sa loob ng</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">34 na taon</strong></span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">12</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;"><sup style="line-height: 1.428571em;">th</sup></strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">dynasty</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– maraming ekspedisyon at nagkaroon ng kalakalan sa Crete ng Minoans</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">13</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;"><sup style="line-height: 1.428571em;">th</sup></strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Dynasty</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– </span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Hyksos</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">–</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">“Mga Prinsipe mula sa Dayuhang Lupain”</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">at namayani sila ng</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">1670 b.c.e</strong></span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">SECOND INTERMEDIATE PERIOD</strong></span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;"> 13</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;"><sup style="line-height: 1.428571em;">TH</sup></strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Dynasty</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– may</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">57 na hari</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">na nagpapakita ng</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">kawalan ng katatagan.</strong></span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">16</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;"><sup style="line-height: 1.428571em;">th</sup></strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Dynasty</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">– “Dynastiya ng mga Great Hyksos”</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"> na namayani sa Alvaris</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">NEW KINGDOM/ EMPIRE AGE –</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">pinakadakilang panahon ng Egypt</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Ahmose I</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">–</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">nagtaboy</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">sa mga</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Hyksos</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">.</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">1570 b.c.e</strong></span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Reyna Hatshepsut</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– isa sa</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">pinakamahusay na babaeng pinuno</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">, naging asawa nya ang</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Half –Brother</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">nya na si</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Thutmose II</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">at pagkamatay nya, pinalawig ni</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Thutmose III</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">ang</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">kanilang anak, ang imperyo.</strong></span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Amenophis IV</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"> (</span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Akhenaton / Aton</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">-sagisag ng araw) - nagpakilala ng</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">monotheismo</strong></span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Tutankhamen –</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">“Boy King of Egypt”</strong></span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Howard Carter</strong></span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">19</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;"><sup style="line-height: 1.428571em;">th</sup></strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Dynasty</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– sinimulan ni</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Rameses I.</strong></span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Rameses II</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">–</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">“the living god”</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">, sa panahon nya naganap ang</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Exodus.</strong></span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">THIRD INTERMEDIATE PERIOD</strong></span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">21</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;"><sup style="line-height: 1.428571em;">st</sup></strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;"> dynasty / TANITES</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">–</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">pinasimulan ni</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Smendes</strong></span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Shosheng</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">–</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">unang pinuno</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">, dating heneral</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">23</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;"><sup style="line-height: 1.428571em;">rd</sup></strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;"> dynasty</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">–</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Piye</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">–</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">sumalakay pahilaga</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">at napasuko si Tefnakhte</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">LATE PERIOD</strong></span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Psammetichus</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– nagawa nyang pagbuklodin ang</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">middle at lower Egypt.</strong></span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Apries</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">–nagpadala ng</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">hukbo</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">sa Libya</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">ngaunit natalo at ito ay</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">humantong sa Digmaang Sibil.</strong></span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Cambyses II</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">–</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Persian</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">, at</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">unang Hari ng 27</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;"><sup style="line-height: 1.428571em;">th</sup></strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">dynasty</strong></span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">332 b.c.e</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– sinalakay ni</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Alexander the Great</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">ang Egyot at nagging bahagi ito ng</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Imperyong Hellenistic.</strong></span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Ptolemy</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– itinalaga ang sarili bilang</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">satrap</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">at pinasimulan ang P</span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">anahong Ptolemaic.</strong></span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Cleopatra VII</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– kahuli-hulihang reyna</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">“Serpent of the Nile”</strong></span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">30 B.C.E</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">– napasakamay ng Roma ang Egypt</strong></span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Rosetta Stone (1799)</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– nagging</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">susi</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">sa pagbasa ng</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">hieroglyphics</strong></span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Jean Champollion</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– nagsagawa ng</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">pagtuklas</strong></span></span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09933937718169790923noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7182399755979143933.post-24523899640525689122014-06-12T03:18:00.000-07:002014-06-12T03:18:11.910-07:00World History (Chapter 7)<div align="center" data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-large;" face="Calibri" size="5" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; font-size: large; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 18pt;" style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Aralin 7: Ang Kabihasnang Tsino sa Asya</strong></span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Yellow River o Huang Ho</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– nagmumula sa kabundukan ng</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">kanlurang Tsina</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">at dumadaloy sa</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Yellow Sea</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">at may habang</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">3,000 milya</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">, at ang pinagusbungan ng Kabihasnang Tsino.</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Xia o Hsia</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">–</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">unang dinastiya sa China</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">ayon sa isang</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">alamat</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">. Ito ay pinasimulan ni</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Hayuran Yu</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">noong</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">2000 B.C.E</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">, at pinaniniwalaang sya ay</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">nakagawa ng paraan upang makontrol ang mga pagbaha.</strong></span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Naniniwala ang mga Tsino</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">na sila lamang ang mga</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">sibilisadong tao</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">, kaya naman ang tawag nila sa kanilang lupain ay</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Zhongguo</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">na nangangahulugang</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Middle Kingdom.</strong></span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Pagsisimula ng Kabihasnang Tsino</strong></span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; font-size: large;" face="Calibri" size="4" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 16pt;" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Xia</strong></span></span> <span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">(2000 B.C.E – 1570 B.C.E) – mula sa</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Longshan</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">–isang</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">kulturang neolitiko</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">sa may Huang Ho na may mataas na antas sa</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">pag-gawa ng mga palayok</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">.</span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Ayon kay</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Sima Qian o Ssu-ma Ch’ien</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">, ang pagsisimula ng</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Xia</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">ay naganap</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">4 na milenyo</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">na ang</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">nakakalipas</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">.</span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Ang panahong ito ay</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">hindi pa halos napapatunayan</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">, at iniuugnay ito ng ilang mga arkeologo sa mga paghuhukay sa</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Erlitou, Henan</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">kung saan may</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Bronze Smelter</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">na natagpuan na nagmula sa mga taong</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">2000 B.C.E</strong></span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Ang mga</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">pinuno</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">ay itinuturing na</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">“Anak ng Langit”</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">na nagtataglay ng</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">“Basbas ng Kalangitan o Mandate of Heaven”</strong></span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Ang sumunod na pinuno ng</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Xia</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">ay nawalan ng</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Basbas</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">at ito ay</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">inilipat sa Shang</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">.</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-large;" face="Calibri" size="5" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; font-size: large; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 18pt;" style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Shang</strong></span></span> <span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">(1570 B.C.E – c. 1040 B.C.E) – ang</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">lungsod na ito ay natuklasan ng mga Arkeologo</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">noong</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">1920</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">sa North China Plain, ang</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Anyang sa Henan</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">, at ito ay nakatulong hinggil sa</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Panahon ng Bronze ng Shang</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">at lumabas din na ang Shang ang</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">“pinaka-unang dinastiya ng China na may batayang historical.”</strong></span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">3 Bagay na dapat malaman ukol sa Shang.</strong></span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Ito ang</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">pinakamaunlad</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">na kabihasnang</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">gumamit ng Bronze</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">.</span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Ang mga</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">kasulatan</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">ang</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">pinakamatanda at pinaka-kumpleto</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">sa mga panulat ng Tsino, at ang mga ito ay tinawag na</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Oracle Bone</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">.</span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold;" style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Malimit</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">ang isinasagawang</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">pagsasakripisyo sa mga tao</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">, kapag may namamatay na pinuno.</span></span></div>
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</ol>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 2mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm 2mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; font-size: large;" face="Calibri" size="4" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 16pt;" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Zhou/ Chou</strong></span> </span><span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">(mula sa Wei River sa kanluran) –</span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">napatalsik nila ang Shang</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">noong 1040 B.C.E. Ito ay</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">tumagal ng</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">9 na siglo</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">, at ang</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">pinakamahaba sa kasaysayan ng China.</strong></span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 2mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm 2mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Kanlurang Zhou</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">(c. 1040 B.C.E – 771 B.C.E)</span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 2mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm 2mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Silangang Zhou</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">(771 B.C.E – 256 B.C.E)</span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 2mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm 2mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Panahong Umusbong ang Mahalagang Kaisipan na Humubog sa Kamalayang Tsino.</strong></span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Spring and Autumn Period</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">( 722 B.C.E – 481 B.C.E) -mula ito sa aklat na</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;"><em style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">The Spring and Autumn Annals</em></strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">, na naglahad ng mga kaganapan ukol sa</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">paglaganap ng kaisipan at pilosopiya</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">katulad ng</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Confucianism at Taoism.</strong></span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Warring States Period</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">(403 B.C.E – 221 B.C.E)- tungalian ng mga estado.</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">7 malalakas na estado</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">ang nagtagisan ng lakas.</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;"><br /></strong></span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 2mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm 2mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Mga Kaisipan na Umusbong sa China</strong></span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Confucianism</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– mga aral ni</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Kongfuzi o Kung-fu-tzu o Confucius</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">. Layunin nito na magkaroon ng isang matahimik na lipunan sa</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">pagpapabuti sa sarili at pagpapahalaga sa ugnayan ng tao.</strong></span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"> </span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Taoism (Daoism)</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– itinatag ni</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Lao Tzu</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">. Hangad nito ang</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">balance sa kalikasan at daigdig</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">at ang pakikiayon ng tao sa kalikasan.</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Legalism</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– Ipinalaganap nina</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Shang Yang at Han Feizi</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">. Naniniwala sila na ang mga</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">tao</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">ay ipinanganak na</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">masama at makasarili</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">, at ito ay mababago sa</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">paggamit ng kamay na bakal.</strong></span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 2mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm 2mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; font-size: large;" face="Calibri" size="4" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 16pt;" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Qin o Ch’in</strong></span></span><span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">(221 B.C.E – 206 B.C.E) – sa ilalim ni</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Ying Zheng</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">,</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">napagisa</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">nya ang mga nagdidigmaang estado at inihayag nya ang kanyang sarili bilang</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Shi Huang Di</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">na nangangahulugang</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">“Unang Emperador”</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">at sya ay namuno sa loob ng</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">12 na taon</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">.</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Ang salitang China at hango sa pangalan ng Dinastiyang ito.</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Great Wall of China</strong></span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">2500 km (haba) 7 meters (taas) 6 meters (lapad)</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">1 milyong katao ang napasailalim sa sapilitang paggawa para dito.</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Mula Yellow Sea -> kanlurang lupain ng China.</span></span></div>
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<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Namatay si Shi Huang Di at maraming nag-alsa at ang dinastiyang Qin ay napalitan ng bagong pinuno na nagtatag ng Han.</span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; font-size: large;" face="Calibri" size="4" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 16pt;" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Han</strong></span> </span><span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">(206 B.C.E – 220B.C.E)</span></span><span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; font-size: large;" face="Calibri" size="4" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 14pt;" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">-</strong></span></span> <span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;"><em style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Golden Age of Chinese History</em></strong></span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Liu Bang</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– nagging bagong emperador at</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">pinasimulan ang dinastiyang Han</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">, at ginamit ang titulong</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Gao Tsu.</strong></span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold;" style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Kanlurang Han o Earlier Han</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">(206 B.C.E – 9 C.E)</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold;" style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Xin o Wang Mang Interregnum</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">( 9 C.E – 24 C.E)</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold;" style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Silangang Han o Later Han</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">(25 C.E – 220 C.E)</span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: -4pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px -4pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Ito ang unang dinastiyang yumakap sa Confucianism</span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: -4pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px -4pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Nagkaroon ng Malaking Ambag sa pagsusulat ng Kasaysayan ng China</span></span></div>
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<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 2mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm 2mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Pagsusulat sa Kasaysayan ng China</strong></span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Sima Qian</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– mananalaysay na nabuhay sa panahon ni Emperador Wudi.</span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 2mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm 2mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Emperador Wudi</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">(141 B.C.E – 87 B.C.E) – pinalakas at pinalawig nya ang imperyosa pagtaboy sa mga</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Xiongnu</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">o</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Hsuing- nu</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"> o mga</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">nomadikong pastoral</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">mula sa</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">hilagang bahagi ng china</strong></span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 2mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm 2mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Silk Road</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">–</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">rutang pangkalakalan</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"> sa pagitan ng china at kanluran</span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 2mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm 2mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; font-size: large;" face="Calibri" size="4" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 14pt;" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Xin</strong></span></span> <span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">( 9 C.E – 23 C.E) – pinasimulan ni Wang Mang na isang pangkaraniwang mamayan.</span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 10pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold;" style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Ibinalik ni Emperador Guang- Wu</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">ang</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Han</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">sa </span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Luoyang</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">sa Silangang Han at ito ay tinawag na</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Silangang Han</strong></span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 10pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Tuluyang </span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">nawala ang kapangyarihan ng Han</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">at ito ay nagdulot ng</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">3-siglong</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">kaguluhan at ang mga panahong ito ay nahahati sa…</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Panahong nahati ang China</strong></span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold;" style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Tatlong Kaharian o Three Kingdoms</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">(220 – 280 C.E)</span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold;" style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Dinastiyang Jin</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">(265 -420 C.E)</span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 41pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 41pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold;" style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Kanlurang Jin</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">(265 – 316 C.E)</span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 41pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 41pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold;" style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Silangang Jin</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">( 316 – 420 C.E)</span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold;" style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Northern and Southern Dynasties</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">(386 – 589 C.E)</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; font-size: large;" face="Calibri" size="4" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 16pt;" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Sui</strong></span></span> <span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">(589 – 618 C.E) –</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">nagbuklod ulit ang China</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">, at tanging</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">2</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">lamang ang naging</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">emperador</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">, at tumagal lamang ng</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">30 na taon.</strong></span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Isinaayos ang Great Wall</span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Ginawa ang</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Grand Canal</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">na nag-uugnay sa Huang ho ay Yangtze</span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: -4pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px -4pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Naging makapangyarihan si</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Li yuan</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">at ang kanyang anak na si</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Li Shimin</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">noong 618 at nagsimula ang</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Dinastiyang Tang</strong></span></span></div>
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<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; font-size: large;" face="Calibri" size="4" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 16pt;" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Tang</strong></span></span> <span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">(618 – 907 C.E) – itinuring na</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">isa sa mga dakilang dinastiya ng China.</strong></span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Li Yuan</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– nang maging Emperador si Li Yuan, sya ay tinawag na</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Gaozu</strong></span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Mga makakata tulad ni</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Li Po, Po Chu-I at Tu Fu.</strong></span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Civil Service Examination</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– naging mahalaga sa</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">pagpili ng opisyal ng pamahalaan,</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">unang ginamit sa Han at ipinagbuti sa Tang.</span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Naging Dominate ang</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Buddhism</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">.</span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Pinanatiling</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Bukas</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">ang mga</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">ruta ng kalakalan</strong></span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Silk Road</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– Kasalukuyang Afghanistan</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Chang’ an</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– pinaniniwalaang</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">pinakamalaking lungsod sa buong daigdig sa panahong ito.</strong></span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 4.22mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 4.22mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Hangganan ng China sa Panahon ng Tang</strong></span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 4.22mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 4.22mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Hilaga –</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Siberia</strong></span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 4.22mm; margin-bottom: 0.00mm;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 4.22mm 0mm 0mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Timog –</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Vietnam</strong></span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 4.22mm; margin-bottom: 0.00mm;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 4.22mm 0mm 0mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Silangan –</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Korea</strong></span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 4.22mm; margin-bottom: 0.00mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 4.22mm 0mm 0mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Maraming pag-aalsa ang naganap sa China noong 860 at noong 879 napasailalim kay</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Huang Chao</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">isang warlord, ang</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Canton</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">, at 880 sumuko ang</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Luoyang at napasailalim ang Chang’an.</strong></span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 2mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 4.22mm; margin-bottom: 0.00mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 4.22mm 0mm 0mm 2mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Si</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Emperador Xizong</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">ng Tang ay nagtungo sa Chengdu at Si</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Huang Cha</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">o ay</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">nagtayo ng panibagong dinastiya.</strong></span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 2mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 4.22mm; margin-bottom: 0.00mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 4.22mm 0mm 0mm 2mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Ang panahong ito ay tinawag na</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Five Dynasty (907- 960)</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">at</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Ten Kingdoms. (907- 979)</strong></span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; font-size: large;" face="Calibri" size="4" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 16pt;" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Song o Sung</strong></span> </span><span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">(960 – 1279)</span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold;" style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Hilagang Song</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">(960 – 1127)</span></span></div>
</li>
<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold;" style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Timog Song</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">( 1127 – 1279)</span></span></div>
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</ul>
<ul data-mce-style="margin-top: 0mm; margin-bottom: 0mm;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0mm 0px 0mm 2em; padding: 0px;">
<li data-mce-style="margin-left: -16pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px -16pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Maraming pagbabago ang naganap sa</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">teknolohiya</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">,</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">kabuhayan, at kultura</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">.</span></span></div>
</li>
<li data-mce-style="margin-left: -16pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px -16pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Pag-unlad ng</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">agrikultura</strong></span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: -16pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px -16pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Pagkakalikha ng</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">paraan sa paglilimbag</strong></span></span></div>
</li>
<li data-mce-style="margin-left: -16pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px -16pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold;" style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Nabigo</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">ang Song sa</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">pulitikal at militar</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">, sila ay nasakop ng mga Barbaro, noong ika-12 na siglo.</span></span></div>
</li>
</ul>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; font-size: large;" face="Calibri" size="4" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 16pt;" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Yuan</strong></span></span> <span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">(1279- 1368)</span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Genghis Khan o Chinggis Khan</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">(1201 -1227) –</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">sinalakay</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">nila ang</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">China</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">at tinalo</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">ang</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Jin at Timog Song</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">at sa</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">pagkamatay ni Genghis Khan</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">ito ay pinagpatuloy ng kanyang</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">apo na si Kublai Khan o Kubila Khan</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">at pagsakop at</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">namuno sa Peking</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">at Itinatag ang</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Dinastiyang Yuan.</strong></span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Pax Mongolica</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– kapayapaang mongol. Ito rin ang mga panahong nagtungo sa China ang mga kanluranin tulad ni</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Marco Polo</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">na</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Venetian</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">noong</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">1275</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">.</span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Namatay si Kublai Khan</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">at noong 1368 napasailalim agn peking kay</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Hong Wu</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">at naging</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Emperador ng Ming Dynasty.</strong></span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; font-size: large;" face="Calibri" size="4" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 16pt;" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Ming</strong></span></span> <span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">(1368 -1644)</span></span></div>
<ul data-mce-style="margin-top: 0mm; margin-bottom: 0mm;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0mm 0px 0mm 2em; padding: 0px;">
<li data-mce-style="margin-left: -4pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px -4pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Naitayo ang Forbidden City sa Peking</span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: -4pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px -4pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Napagyaman ang sining lalo na sa porselana</span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: -4pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px -4pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Nakapaglayag ang mga Tsino sa may Indian Ocean</span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: -4pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px -4pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Lumaki ang populasyon ng Tsinan a umabot sa 100 milyong katao.</span></span></div>
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</ul>
<ul data-mce-style="margin-top: 0mm; margin-bottom: 0mm;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0mm 0px 0mm 2em; padding: 0px;">
<li data-mce-style="margin-left: -4pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px -4pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">May matatag at Sentralisadong Pamahalaan.</span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: -4pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px -4pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Nanghina ito sa pakikipaglaban sa Japan, at ito ay napabagsak noong 1644.</span></span></div>
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</ul>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;"><br /></strong></span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Makabagong China</strong></span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; font-size: large;" face="Calibri" size="4" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 16pt;" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Qing o Ch’ing</strong></span> </span><span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">(1644- 1911) – ito ay itinatag ng mga</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Manchu</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">o mga nomadiko</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">mula sa Manchuria</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">at sa ilalim nila naging makapangyarihang estado ang China.</span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Rebelyong Tai’ping (1850- 1865)</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Rebelyong Nien ( 1851-1863)</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Rebelyong Boxer (1900)</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">1911</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">–</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">nagtapos</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">ang</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">sistemang dinastiya</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">ng China</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Henry Pu Yi</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– huling emperador ng china</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Pamana ng Kabihasnang Tsino</strong></span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: -7pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px -7pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; font-size: large;" face="Calibri" size="4" style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 14pt;" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Shang</span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Sistema ng pagsusulat</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Paggamit ng tanso at metallurgy</span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: -9pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px -9pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; font-size: large;" face="Calibri" size="4" style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 14pt;" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Zhou</span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Kaisipan at pilosopiya</span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: -7pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px -7pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; font-size: large;" face="Calibri" size="4" style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 14pt;" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Qin</span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Great Wall of China</span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: -7pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px -7pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; font-size: large;" face="Calibri" size="4" style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 14pt;" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Han</span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Papel at porselana</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Silk road</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Silk – mahalagang produktong tsino</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Pagsulong sa larangan ng Astronomiya</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Kalenraryo</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Star maps</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Magnetic compass</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Seismograph</span></span></div>
</li>
<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Wheelbarrow</span></span></div>
</li>
<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Mill wheel</span></span></div>
</li>
<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Water clock</span></span></div>
</li>
<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Sundial</span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Acupuncture</span></span></div>
</li>
<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Gunpowder</span></span></div>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Firework</span></span></div>
</li>
<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Block printing</span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Chopsticks</span></span></div>
</li>
<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Feng shui o geomancy</span></span></div>
</li>
<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Yin (babae) at Yang (lalake)</span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">I Ching (Classic of Change)- buhay ng tao</span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Bong-Fa (Art of War)- estratehiyang military na sinulat ni Sun Zi</span></span></div>
</li>
</ul>
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<span color="#010101" data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" face="Calibri" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;"> </strong></span></span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09933937718169790923noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7182399755979143933.post-35812946624108097132014-06-12T03:14:00.002-07:002014-06-12T03:15:06.072-07:00World History (Chapter 6)<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; font-size: large;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 16pt;" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Aralin 6 : Ang Kabihasnang Indus sa Asya</strong></span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Timog Asya</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– isang malawak na tangway na hugis tatsulok; sub-kontinenteng India</span></span></div>
<ul data-mce-style="margin-top: 0mm; margin-bottom: 0mm;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0mm 0px 0mm 2em; padding: 0px;">
<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">India</span></span></div>
</li>
<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Bangladesh</span></span></div>
</li>
<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Sri Lanka</span></span></div>
</li>
<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Bhutan</span></span></div>
</li>
<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Nepal</span></span></div>
</li>
<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Maldives</span></span></div>
</li>
</ul>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Heograpiya ng Lambak ng Indus</strong></span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><b>Indus River</b> – labi ng dalawang lungsod na natagpuan ng mga arkeologo noong 1920; mas malawak ang lupaing ito kung ihahambing sa sinaunang egypt at mesopotamia; matatagpuan sa Pakistan sa kasalukuyan</span></span></div>
<ul data-mce-style="margin-top: 0mm; margin-bottom: 0mm;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0mm 0px 0mm 2em; padding: 0px;">
<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><b>Harappa at Mohenjo-Daro</b> – kasabay sa pagusbong ng sumer noong 3000 B.C.E</span></span></div>
</li>
</ul>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><b>Indus River </b>(mula Himalayas – katimugang Tibet) –</span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">-1000 mi, bumabagtas sa Kashmir patungong kapatagan ng pakistan</span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><b>Ang Kabihasnang Harappa</b> – hango sa matandang lungsod ng harappa na natuklasan sa Lambak Indus at tinatayang umusbong noong 2700 B.C.E; matatagpuan sa kasalukuyang Punjab na bahagi ng Pakistan.</span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><b>Mohenjo-Daro</b> – katimugang bahagi ng daluyan ng Indus River.</span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><b>Sistemang Alkantarilya o Sewer System</b> – palikurang ng mga kabahayan</span></span></div>
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</ul>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><b>Dravidian</b> – sinasabing bumuo sa kabihasnang Indus</span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">-naninirahan sa maliliit na pamayanan</span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">-nagtatag sila ng mga daungan sa baybayin ng Arabian Sea ang</span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><b>Pictogram</b>- paraan ng pagsulat ng mga Indus</span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><b>Kinakitaan ang Indus na malinaw na pagpapangkat ng mga tao</b></span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><b>2000 B.C.E</b> – narating ng mga Dravidain ang tugatog ng kabihasnan</span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><b>ANG PANAHONG VEDIC</b><br /><b>Aryan</b> – nagtungo pakanluran sa Europe at dinala nila ang mga wikang sanskrit.</span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><b>Sanskrit-</b> wikang klasikal ng Indian na nabibilang sa pamilya ng Indo-European.</span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><b>Arya</b> – nangangahulugang “ marangal”</span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><b>Vedas</b>- 4 na sagradong aklat</span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><b>Rig Veda</b></span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><b>Sama Veda</b></span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><b>Yajur Veda</b></span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><b>Atharva Veda</b></span></span></div>
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</ul>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><b>1100 B.CE</b> – nasakop nang tuluyan ng mga Aryan ang India.</span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><b>3 Antas sa Lipunang Aryan</b></span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><i>Maharlikang Mandirigma</i></span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><i>Pari</i></span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><i>Karaniwang mamamayan</i></span></span></div>
</li>
</ul>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Nang lumaon, ito ay naging <i>Caste system</i> ng India.</span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><b>Brahmin</b> – kaparian</span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><b>Kshatriyas</b>- mga mandirigma</span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><b>Vaisya</b>- pangkaraniwang mamamayan</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><b>Sudra</b> – pinakamabaang uri ng mamamayan.</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><b>Untouchables</b>- pinakamababa sa antas ng tao at hindi kabilang sa lipunan.</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><b>KAHARIAN AT IMPERYO</b></span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><b>6000 B.C.E</b></span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><b>16 na makapangyarihang Estado</b> – Magadha, kosala, kuru, at Gandhara.</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><b>Magadha</b></span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><b>Bimbisara </b>– nagpagawa sya ng kalsada, pinalawig ang imperyo. Sa panahon nya, ang magadha ang naging pinakamalawak ana impreryo. Ang kabisera nito ay nasa Pataliputra.</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><b>Cyrus the great</b> – sumalakay sa hilagang kanluran ng India.</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><b>Darius the Great</b> – nasakop nya ang lambak ng Indus at Punjab, napasailalim sa Persia ang bahaging ito ng india sa loob ng 2 siglo.</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><b>Alexander the Great</b> – tinapos nya ang mga Persian at tinahak ang landas patungong india, subalit dahil sa haba ng nilakbay napilitang lisanin ni Alexander the Great ang India.</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><b>322 B.C.E</b> – nasakop ni Chandragupta Maurya ang dating kaharian ng Maurya at tinungo ang naiwang lupain ni Alexander.</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">-end-</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 13mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm 13mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<br /></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09933937718169790923noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7182399755979143933.post-31441733053402760832014-06-12T03:11:00.000-07:002015-06-15T20:55:50.359-07:00World History (Chapter 5)<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0mm;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://tourism-vip.ru/uploads/posts/2011-08/1314569055_elephant_in_india.jpg" target="_blank"><img border="0" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCpOCQLDBphyphenhyphenV-vfiEq9i-CwNT_2nPynmV9OzRVj2AUfkIZ36FTtuzHcJJ9t4sMF3rgJjRyySxDZeOpKpyA8V9u6JGAKvh1ZAbkbeyeVhG-6SybDeAGg_45psmnHrsUN28c0EmbEOwp-o/s640/1314569055_elephant_in_india.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-large;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; font-size: large; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 18pt;" style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;"><br /></strong></span></span>
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-large;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; font-size: large; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 18pt;" style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Aralin 5 : Kabihasnang Mesopotamia sa Asya</strong></span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Mesopotamia</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">(</span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Meso</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">;pagitan,</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Potamos</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">;ilog)</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">-lunduyan ng kabihasnan</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Fertile Crescent</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"> (Persian Gulf – Mediterranean Sea) - Matabang lupain</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Uruk</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– kauna-unahang lungsod sa Daigdig.</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Sumerian</strong></span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: normal;" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.428571em;">Gumawa ng dam at dike</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: normal;" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.428571em;">Kanal at irigasyon</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: normal;" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.428571em;">Nakihalubilo sa mga taga-mesopotamia at ito ay tinawag na SUMER</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Lungsod sa Sumer</strong></span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Ur</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Uruk</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Lagash</span></span></div>
</li>
<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: Bold; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Nippur</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Eridu</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Kish</span></span></div>
</li>
</ul>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Ziggurat –</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">tahanan at templo ng patron o diyos ng isang lungsod</span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Anthropomorphic –</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">may katangian at pag-uugaling tao.</span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Cuneiform</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– “</span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><em style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Wedge Shaped</em></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">” ; sistema ng pagsusulat ng mga Sumer.</span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Stylus</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– Panulat sa Clay tablet na yari sa tambo o reed.</span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Oxen</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– pangunahing hayop sa</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">sakahan</strong></span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Donkey</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– gamit sa</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">paglalakbay</strong></span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; font-size: large;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 14pt;" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;"><br /></strong></span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; font-size: large;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 14pt;" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">AKKADIAN</strong></span></span> <span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– kauna-unahang imperyo sa Daigdig</span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Sargon I</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– tagapagtatag ng unang imperyo.</span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">150 taon</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– tumagal ito</span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Naram -Sin</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– pinakahuling mahusay na pinuno ng Akkadian</span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; font-size: large;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 14pt;" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">UR - </strong></span></span> <span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">imperyong kumalaban sa Akkad</span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Ur Nammu</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– nagtatag ng</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">kauna-unahang batas</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">at nagpatayo ng ziggurat sa Ur.</span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; font-size: large;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 14pt;" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">BABYLONIAN</strong></span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Hammurabi</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– hari ng Babylon na nagpagawa ng batas; Code of Hammurabi</span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Sinalakay ng mga Hittites ang babylon at kinuha ang patron nilang si</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Marduk</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">.</span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; font-size: large;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 14pt;" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">ASSYRIAN</strong></span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Shamshi-Adad I</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– isang sundalo na napasakamay ang Assyria.</span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Ashur</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">- kabisera ng Assyria.</span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Tiglath-Pileser I</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– pinakamahusay na hari ng Assyria at itinuturing na</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">tagapagtatag ng Imperyong Assyria</strong></span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Tiglath-Pileser III</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">- napasailalim ang iba pang estado at</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">umabot ang imperyo hanggang Iran.</strong></span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Ashurbanipal</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– kinakitaan ng maayos na pamamahala.</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; font-size: large;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 14pt;" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">CHALDEAN: BAGONG BABYLONIAN</strong></span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Nabopolassar</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– namuno sa Chaldean.</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"> -Namuno sya sa</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">pag-aalsa laban sa Assyrian</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">na kumontrol sa Babylon.</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Isang hukbo sa ilalim ni Cyaxares ng Medes ang sumalakay sa Assyria at winasak ang Ashur at napagtulungan ni Cyaxares at Nabopolassar ang Lungsod ng Nineveh at naiwan ang lupain na it okay Nabopolassar.</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Nebuchadnezzar II</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– sa ilalim nya, natamo ng Babylonia / Chaldea</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">ang “Rurok ng Kadakilaan”</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">, at naging pinakamahalagang lungsod ang Babylon.</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"> </span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 13pt;" style="font-size: 13pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Hanging Garden of Babylon</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– pinatayo ni Nebuchadnezzar para sa paborito nyang asawa na si</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Amyitis</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">. Kabilang ito sa</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 13pt;" style="font-size: 13pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><em style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Seven Wonders of the Ancient World</em></span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Nabonidus</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– sa panahon nya</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">nanganib sa pagbagsak</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">ang Babylonia dahil sa pagusbong ng kapangyarihan ng</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Persian</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">, nasakop sila ni</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Cyrus the Great</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">at nang umusbong ang kabihasnang</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Greek</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">, sila naman ay sinakop ni</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Alexander the great.</strong></span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; font-size: large;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 14pt;" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;"> PERSIAN</strong></span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="text-decoration: underline;" style="line-height: 1.428571em; text-decoration: underline;">Imperyong Achaemenid</span></strong></span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Darius the Great</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– anak ni Cyrus at sa panahon nya</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">umabot sa india ang sakop</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">ng imperyong Achaemenid.</span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: -4pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px -4pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Hinati ang imperyo sa mga lalawigan o</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Satrapy</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">na pinamahalaan ng</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Satrap</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">o gobernador.</span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: -4pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px -4pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Nagpagawa ng</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Royal Road.</strong></span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Nagsulong sila ng</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Zoroastrianism</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">na ipinangaral</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">ni Zoroaster o Zarathustra.</strong></span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold;" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Ahura Mazda</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– diyos ng</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">kabutihan</strong></span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; font-size: large;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 14pt;" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="text-decoration: underline;" style="line-height: 1.428571em; text-decoration: underline;">Pamana ng Mesopotamia</span></strong></span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Behistun Rock</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– natuklasan ni</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Henry Rawlinson</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">, at naging</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">susi upang maunawaan ang cuneiform.</strong></span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: -4pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px -4pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Pinaniniwalaan na ang</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 13pt;" style="font-size: 13pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><em style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Tower of Babel</em></span></span> <span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">na nabasa sa bibliya ay isang Ziggurat.</span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: -4pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px -4pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Water Clock</span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: -4pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px -4pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Moon Calendar</span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: -4pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px -4pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Sexagecimal System</span></span></div>
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</ul>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Epic of Gilgamesh</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– kauna-unahang epiko sa buong daigdig</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Code of Hammurabi</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– naglalaman ng</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">282 na batas.</strong></span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Hittites</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– gumamit ng</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">bakal.</strong></span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Lydian</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">–</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">coin</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">o salapi.</span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Phoenician</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">- Phonetic Alphabet.</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Hebrew</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– monotheism</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"> -end-</span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09933937718169790923noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7182399755979143933.post-14357504984887714452014-06-12T03:10:00.001-07:002015-06-15T08:19:05.405-07:00World History (Chapter 4) <div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-align: center; text-indent: 0mm;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://image6.tuku.cn/pic/gongyishuhua/gudaidiaoxiangbihua/006.jpg" target="_blank"><img border="0" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIlFxz1-M4cfaXxzJqKyFmgwvjzOY6ewrWg_dlNo_4iptaGp9zGOA1LTbSkod2kXlVxverY9bNPZLBQQzN5Gu7msHJBmhubTj9FS4djszm5J92Vc1KQrnYyS4rH9yhbIU033iePiP9kSw/s640/006.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-large;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; font-size: large; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 18pt;" style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Aralin 4: Mga Panahong Paleolitiko at Neolitiko</strong></span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Prehistory –</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">yugto ng mahabang nakaraan sa sangkatauhan. Bago pa man ang pagkalikha ng sitematikong pagsulat at pagtatala.</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">History –</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">pag-aaral hinggil sa nakaraan batay sa mga nakasulat at tala sa Dokumento</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Archeology</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">- pangunahing pinagmumulan ng mga kaalaman ukol sa mahabang panahon na ito.</span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="text-decoration: underline;" style="line-height: 1.428571em; text-decoration: underline;">Paraan ng Pagpepetsa</span></strong></span></span></div>
<ul data-mce-style="margin-top: 0mm; margin-bottom: 0mm;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0mm 0px 0mm 2em; padding: 0px;">
<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold;" style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Dokumentong historical at mga kagamitang batid ang panahon</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– ito ang karaniwang paraan ng pagpe-petsa.</span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold;" style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Denrochronology or Tree-Ring Dating</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– paraan upang matukoy ang edad ng isang puno.; naimbento ni</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">A.E Douglas</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">.</span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold;" style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Radio Carbon Dating</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"> - sinusuri ang isotope ng carbon upang matukoy nag edad ng mga materyales na may Carbon.</span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold;" style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Potassium-Argon Dating</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"> - paraan upang tukuyin agn edad ng mga mineral.</span></span></div>
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</ul>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 13mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm 13mm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; font-size: large;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 14pt;" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">PALEOLITIKO (OLD STONE AGE)</strong></span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 23pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: Bold; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 23pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal;" style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.428571em;">Pinamahabang yugto ng kasaysayan sa sangkatauhan.</span></span></div>
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</ul>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="text-decoration: underline;" style="line-height: 1.428571em; text-decoration: underline;">Lower Paleolithic Period</span></strong></span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Australopithecine – pinakaunang Hominid.</span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: Bold; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal;" style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.428571em;">Homo Habilis –</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">able man / Handy man.</strong></span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Homo Erectus –</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">tuwid ang palalakad</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">, Marunong gumawa ng</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Apoy.</strong></span></span></div>
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<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 19mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm 19mm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="text-decoration: underline;" style="line-height: 1.428571em; text-decoration: underline;">Middle Paleolithic Period</span></strong></span></span></div>
<ul data-mce-style="margin-top: 0mm; margin-bottom: 0mm;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0mm 0px 0mm 2em; padding: 0px;">
<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold;" style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Hominid</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– pino na ang kanilang mga kagamitan, at pinasimulang ang preserbasyon ng karne</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">expresyong artistiko</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">paglilibing</span></span></div>
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<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="text-decoration: underline;" style="line-height: 1.428571em; text-decoration: underline;">Upper Paleolithic Period</span></strong></span></span></div>
<ul data-mce-style="margin-top: 0mm; margin-bottom: 0mm;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0mm 0px 0mm 2em; padding: 0px;">
<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 23pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 23pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Bumuo ng mga Campsite sa tabi ng lambak</span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 23pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: Bold; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 23pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Venus Figurine</span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 23pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 23pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Pagpa-pangkat sa lipunan</span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 23pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 23pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Maraming uri ng pagkain</span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 23pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 23pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Espesyalisadong uri ng kagamitan</span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 23pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 23pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Paggamit ng mga simbolo at ritwal</span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 23pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 23pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Nawala ang mga</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Neanderthal</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">at napalitan ng</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Cro-magnon</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">(Mga paintings sa Lascaux, France at Altamira, Spain;</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Marcelino Di Sautala</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">.)</span></span></div>
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</ul>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="text-decoration: underline;" style="line-height: 1.428571em; text-decoration: underline;">Mga Kultura sa Upper Paleolithic Period</span></strong></span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Aurignacean</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– lumikha ng venus figurine</span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Solutrean</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– mangangaso na nagtungao sa eacuropa</span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Magdalenian</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– pinalitan ang 2 at nangingisda at nangangaso ng reindeer.</span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;"> Ice Age</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">–</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">20,000</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">B.P at</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Natunaw ang yelo</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">noong</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">10,000 B.P</strong></span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; font-size: large;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 14pt;" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">MESOLITIKO (MIDDLE STONE AGE)</strong></span></span></div>
<ul data-mce-style="margin-top: 0mm; margin-bottom: 0mm;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0mm 0px 0mm 2em; padding: 0px;">
<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Nanirahan ang tao sa mga malilit na pangkat</span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; font-weight: Bold; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal;" style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.428571em;">Nagsimulang magkaroon ng mga alitan</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; font-size: large;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 14pt;" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">NEOLITIKO (NEW STONE AGE)</strong></span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Neolithic</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– Ginagamit sa Arkeolohiya upang italaga ang isang antas ng ebulusyon o pagbabago sa teknolohiya.</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Mga pinong kagamitan</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Pananatili sa pamayanan(sedentary)</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Domestication</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Paggawa ng palayok at paghahabi</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Walled City sa Jericho sa Jordan Valley (7000 b.c.e)</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal;" style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.428571em;">pagtatanim ng mga barley at trigo</span></span></div>
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<span style="text-indent: 0mm;">-end-</span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09933937718169790923noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7182399755979143933.post-24526905259086664172014-06-12T00:39:00.000-07:002014-06-12T01:02:03.177-07:00World History (Chapter 3)<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
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<strong style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 1.428571em; text-indent: 0mm;">Aralin 3 : Pinagmulan ng Tao</strong></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Mga Paniniwala sa Pinagmulan ng Tao</strong></span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Babylonian</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– Ang diyos na si</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Marduk</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">ang lumikha ng Daigdig, kalangitan at tao. Buhat ng kanyang pagkagapi sa halimaw na si Tiamat, nagawa ang langit at lupa. Sa pagkanaig nya sa kanyang Asawang si Kingu ginamit nya ang dugo nito upang lumikha ng tao.</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Maya (MesoAmerica)</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– nilikha nina</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Tepeu at Gucamatz</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">ang tao mula sa minasang mais</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Hinduism</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– ang bahagi ng katawan ni</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Purusa</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">, ang kauna-unahang tao, nagmula ang mga taong nabibilang sa ibat’ibang Caste</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Islam</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– lahat ay nilikha ni</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Allah</strong></span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Buddhism</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– ang paglikha ay paulit-ulit lamang</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Japan</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– nagmula sa Diyos na sina</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Izanagi at Izanami</strong></span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">China</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– nagsimula sa</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Cosmic Egg</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">, ipinanganak si</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Phan ku o Pangu</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">at sa pagkamatay niya, umusbong ang mga tao mula sa kanyang katawan</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Pilipinas</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">- nagmula kina</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">malakas at maganda.</strong></span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Creationism o Creation Science</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– ang lahat ng buhay ngayon ay nagmula sa mga</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">unang buhay</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">na</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">nilikha ng Diyos</strong></span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">*ngunit ang mga</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">siyentista</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">ay naniniwala na ang nilalang ay nagmula sa organismong nagtataglay ng isang</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">selula o cell.</strong></span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">12 paniniwala ang nakapaloob sa creationism at ito ay may 2 pangkat.</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">New Earth Creationist</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– naniniwala na sila sa</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">kawalang kamalian</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">ng sagradong aklat ng bibliya na ang mundo ay nilikha</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">10,000</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">pa lang ang nakalilipas.</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Old Earth Creationist</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– naniniwala sa</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">ebidensya ng heograpiya</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">na ang mundo ay bilyong taon na, gayunpaman naniniwala sila na ang daigdig at buhay sa mundo ay</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">nilikha ng Diyos.</strong></span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Ebolusyon</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– tumutukoy sa anumang</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">pagbabagong</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">naganap sa loob ng</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">mahabang panahon.</strong></span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Jean –Baptiste de Lamarck</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– isang French naturalist na nagtaguyod ng teorya ukol sa Ebolusyon, Subalit hindi kaagad tinangkilik ng publiko ang kanyang kaisipan.</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Alfred Russel Wallace at Charles Darwin</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– 2 English naturalist na nanaliksik at nagpakilala ng teoryang Ebulusyon.</span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiovcMq4D48nWAuXmEmpGANIYNJS2WhQOQDmGs2ZN1koQ7_Sfc7cNZFW9TogDAWsRKFm5w9p8UE87ZdoNAdPxNS-_HGyi_0OPt0SyGw566_AlXjwur6rUfGPQ1jBpWqSuSlspW6sAJRBvg/s1600/6a00d8341bf68b53ef010534c22ae7970c-800wi.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiovcMq4D48nWAuXmEmpGANIYNJS2WhQOQDmGs2ZN1koQ7_Sfc7cNZFW9TogDAWsRKFm5w9p8UE87ZdoNAdPxNS-_HGyi_0OPt0SyGw566_AlXjwur6rUfGPQ1jBpWqSuSlspW6sAJRBvg/s1600/6a00d8341bf68b53ef010534c22ae7970c-800wi.jpg" height="320" width="209" /></a><span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">On the origin of Species</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– book published by Darwin. (1859) – dito nakapaloob ang kanyang paglalakbay sa</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">barkong H.M.S Beagle</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">, noong</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">1830</strong></span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Tinutukoy rin na ang lahat ng mga nilalang ngayon ay</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">nagmula sa iisang ugat o ninuno.</strong></span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Random Mutation</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– walang piling mutasyon</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Natural Selection</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– Natural na pagpili; Matira matibay o</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">“Survival of the Fittest”.</strong></span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Thomas Huxley</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">–ang ugnayang ng mga tao at chimpanzee ay</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">“katanungan ng mga katanungan.”</strong></span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Bipedalism – paglalakad gamit ang dalawang paa.</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Australopithecine</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">–</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">southern ape</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">; kinilala ni</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Raymond Dart.</strong></span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Lucy</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– isang</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Australopithecus Afarensis</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">sa may </span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Hadar, Ethiopia</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">, at nalaman nilang babae ito sa pamamagitan ng kanyang</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">pelvic girdle.</strong></span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">N</span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">eanderthal</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– nagsimula ang Pagsasalita.</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Age of Mammals</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– Cenozoic</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Age of Humanity</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– Pleistocene</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Theistic Evolution</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– tangkang pag-ugnayin ang</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">creationism at ebulusyon</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">. ; ayon dito pinasimulan ng Diyos ang Ebolusyon.</span></span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09933937718169790923noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7182399755979143933.post-78017314717034248942014-06-12T00:30:00.002-07:002014-06-12T00:58:49.877-07:00World History (Chapter 2)<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-align: center; text-indent: 0mm;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-large;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; font-size: large; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 18pt;" style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Aralin 2 : Katangiang Pisikal ng Daigdig</strong></span></span></div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilbOa6vOb5_OnSbWKs1ExoAryUeEFAT-VhUessH4CblXWWzOwR12kOddlnvQ072knKAIpH_pXB0s-AxhU7cksa0jXKZENqobuQn7HlVmBunlKs6eTSMpf9XjKW-WdhshZ1a2whA_9vvAg/s1600/World-History.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilbOa6vOb5_OnSbWKs1ExoAryUeEFAT-VhUessH4CblXWWzOwR12kOddlnvQ072knKAIpH_pXB0s-AxhU7cksa0jXKZENqobuQn7HlVmBunlKs6eTSMpf9XjKW-WdhshZ1a2whA_9vvAg/s1600/World-History.jpg" height="266" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">World History</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Daidig </strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">- binubuo ng mga maninipis na talukap o Shell; crust, mantle, core.</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Crust</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">(</span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">70</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">km) (</span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">8</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">km; ocean) – nahahati-hati sa mga</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">plates</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">na gumagalaw ng</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">5 cm</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">kada taon, at kung saan nasa ibabaw nito ay ang mga kontinente.</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Mantle</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– binubuo ng mga napaka-init na bato at ang ilang bahagi nito ay tunaw</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Core</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– kaloob-loobang bahagi na binubuo ng mga metal tulad ng</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Iron at Nickel.</strong></span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Northern Hemisphere</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">– 61%</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">tubig; 39% lupa</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">, tinatawag na</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Land Hemisphere</strong></span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Southern Hemisphere – 81% tubig; 19% lupa</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">, tinatawag na</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Water Hemisphere</strong></span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Heograpiya</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">( Geographia)</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Geo</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">; lupa,</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Graphein</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">;sumulat – sumulat ukol sa lupa o paglalarawan sa daigdig. Nauukol sa pag-aaral ng daigdig, mga katangiang pisikal nito, mga tao at ang kanilang pamumuhay dito.</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Longitude</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– distansyang angular na natutukoy sa pagitan ng dalawang meridian patungo silangan o kanluran ng</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Prime Meridian</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">(Greenwich, England; 0-degree longitude).</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Latitude</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– distansyang angular sa pagitan ng dalawang parallel patungo sa Hilaga o Timog ng Equator.</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Equator</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">(0 degree latitude) – likhang-isip na guhit na humahati sa globo sa hilaga at timog na hemisphere o hemispero.</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Tropic of Cancer</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– pinakadulo sa</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">hilaga ng equator</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">. 23.5 degree hilaga ng Equator.</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Tropic of Capricorn</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– pinakdulo sa</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">timog ng equator</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">. 23.5 timog ng Equator.</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Klima</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– kalagayan o kondisyon ng atmospera na tipikal sa mga malalaking rehiyon o lugar sa matagal na panahon</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Salik sa Pagkakaiba-iba ng Klima</strong></span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Natatangap na sinag ng araw depende sa latitude</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Panahon</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Distansya mula karagatan</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Taas mula sea level</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Habitat</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– likas na tahanang nagtataglay ng ibat’ibang species ng halaman o hayop.</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Kontinente</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– pinakamalawak na masa ng lupa sa daigdig</span></span></div>
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<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Africa</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– may malaking suplay ng</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">ginto</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">, dito matatagpuan ang</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Nile river at Sahara Desert</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">, ang pinakamahabang ilog at ang pinakamalaking disyerto sa buong mundo. Binubuo ng </span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">53</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">na bansa.</strong></span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Asya</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– pinakamalaking kontinente sa daigdig, ito ay higit pa sa pinagsamang North at South America, at tinatayang 1/3 ng sukat ng daigdig. Dito matatagpuan ang bansang may</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">pinakamalaking populasyon</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">, ang</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">China</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">. Gayundin ang</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Mt. Everest</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">ang pinakamataas na bundok sa Daigdig, at binubuo ng</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">44 na bansa</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">.</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Europa</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– ang laki nito ay ¼ lamang ng Asya ngunit maraming parte ng daigdig ang napasailalim dito noong panahon ng</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">kolonyalisayon</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">. Dito nagsimula ang mga kaganapang</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">nagpasimula sa World War</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">. Binubuo ng</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">46 na bansa.</strong></span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Australia</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– nagtataglay lamang ng</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">iisang bansa,</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">ang</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Commonwealth of Australia</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">. Dito ay mas marami pa ang tupa kaysa sa tao. Kalapit ng</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Oceania</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">na binubuo ng mga bansa sa</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Micronesia, Melanesia at Polynesia</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">. Tinatayang</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">14</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">ang kabuuang bilang ng mga bansa sa Australia at Oceania.</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">North America</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– Hugis tatsulok na pinilasan ng Hudson Bay at Gulf of Mexico. Dito matatagpuan ang</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Appalachian Mountains</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">sa</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">silangan</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">at</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Rocky Mountains</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">sa</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">kanluran</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">. Binubuo ng</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">23 na bansa.</strong></span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">South America</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– tatsulok na patulis simula equator hanggang Cape Horn. Sakop ng kabundukang Andes ang Kanlurang bahagi nito. Binubuo ng</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">12 na bansa.</strong></span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">*</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Ang South America at Kanluran ng Africa ay mala</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Jigsaw Puzzle</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">dahil minsang magkaugnay ang 2 lupain.</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Pacific Ring of Fire</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– hitik sa bulkan at pag-lindol.</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Lindol</strong></span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">China</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– 1556 at 1976</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Sumatra</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– 2004</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Haiti</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– 2010</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Japan</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– 1923</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Pagsabog ng Bulkan</strong></span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">1815 –</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Indonesia</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">–</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Tambora</strong></span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">1883</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">– Indonesia – Krakatau</strong></span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">1902</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">– Martinique , Italy – Mt. Pelee</strong></span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">79 C.E</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">– Italy – Mt. Vesuvius</strong></span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Topograpiya</strong></span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"> – pisikal na katangian ng isang lugar o rehiyon.</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Mga Bundok</strong></span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Asya</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">– Everest</strong></span></span></div>
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<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Africa –</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Kilimanjaro</strong></span></span></div>
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<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"> Russia</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">– Elbrus</strong></span></span></div>
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<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Mga Lambak Ilog</strong></span></span></div>
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<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Tigris-Euphrates</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– Indus</span></span></div>
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<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Huang Ho</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– Asya</span></span></div>
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<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Nile</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– Africa</span></span></div>
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<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Karagatan</strong></span></span></div>
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<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Southern Ocean</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– itinakda ng</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">International Hydrographic Organization</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">bilang panibagong karagatan na pumapalibot sa</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Antartica.</strong></span></span></div>
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<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Pacific Ocean</strong></span></span></div>
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<ul data-mce-style="margin-top: 0mm; margin-bottom: 0mm;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0mm 0px 0mm 2em; padding: 0px;">
<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold;" style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Marianas Trench</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– ito ay tinaguriang</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Challenger Deep</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">(yung nasa Pilipinas) na matatagpuan sa kanluran ng Pacific Ocean na may lalim na 35, 840 ft.</span></span></div>
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</ul>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Atlantic Ocean</strong></span></span></div>
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<ul data-mce-style="margin-top: 0mm; margin-bottom: 0mm;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0mm 0px 0mm 2em; padding: 0px;">
<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold;" style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Puerto Rico Trench</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– may lalim na 28,232 ft.</span></span></div>
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</ul>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Indian Ocean</strong></span></span></div>
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<ul data-mce-style="margin-top: 0mm; margin-bottom: 0mm;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0mm 0px 0mm 2em; padding: 0px;">
<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold;" style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Java Trench</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– may lalim na 23, 376 ft.</span></span></div>
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</li>
</ul>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Arctic Ocean</strong></span></span></div>
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<ul data-mce-style="margin-top: 0mm; margin-bottom: 0mm;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0mm 0px 0mm 2em; padding: 0px;">
<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold;" style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Eurasia Basin</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– may lalim na 17, 881 ft.</span></span></div>
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</li>
</ul>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Dagat</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">–</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">South China Sea , Caribbean Sea, Mediterranian Sea.</strong></span></span></div>
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<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Herodotus</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– kinikilalang</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">“Ama ng Kasaysayan at Heograpiya”</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">.</span></span></div>
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<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0mm;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Naging</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">sistematiko ang pagtatatala</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">ng kaganapan at</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">lumawig ang pasusulat</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">ng kasaysayan dahil sa kanyang mga Akda. Sinuri nya ang mga kaganapan batay sa lokasyon nito at pinangyarihang lugar</span></span></div>
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<ul data-mce-style="margin-top: 0mm; margin-bottom: 0mm;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0mm 0px 0mm 2em; padding: 0px;">
<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">hinubog ng kapaligirang kanilang ginagalawan ang mga tao</span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">ang heograpiya ay nagging isang mahalagang salik sa pagsisimula ng Kabihasnan</span></span></div>
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</li>
<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">nagkaroon ito ng malaking impluwensya sa mga gawi at kaparaanan ng mga tao.</span></span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09933937718169790923noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7182399755979143933.post-67333908276004793912014-06-12T00:17:00.000-07:002015-06-15T08:17:23.313-07:00World History (Chapter 1)<div style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
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<strong data-mce-style="font-size: 16pt; color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 0mm;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 24.5333347320557px; text-indent: 0mm;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></strong>
<strong data-mce-style="font-size: 16pt; color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 0mm;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 24.5333347320557px; text-indent: 0mm;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Aralin 1: Pinagmulan ng Asya</span></strong></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Heolohiya</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">- pagaaral ng daigdig, balat ng lupa, bato at mga labi ng halaman at hayop.</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">James Hutton</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– kanyang napagtanto na</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="text-decoration: underline;" style="line-height: 1.428571em; text-decoration: underline;">“Matanda na ang mundong ating tinitirahan”</span></span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Pinagmulan ng mga Relihiyon at Paniniwala</strong></span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Tinatayang may</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">19 na relihiyon</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">, at maari itong hatiin sa</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">270 na sangay</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">, at</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">500 na sanaysay</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">ukol sa pinagmulan ng daigdig.</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Relihiyon</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– humuhubog sa kanyang pagkatao at mga gawi sa lipunan.</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Origin Belief</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– paniniwala at salaysay ukol sa pinagmulan</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Mga Paliwanag sa Pinagmulan</strong></span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Batay sa Relihiyon</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Pagmumuni-muning Metapisikal</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Creation Myths</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– paniniwala at salaysay ukol sa pinagmulan ng mga bagay – bagay</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Myth o Mito</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– nagpapahiwatig ng mga kaisipang hindi makatotohanan</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Creationism</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– sistema ng paniniwala na lahat ng mga bagay ay nilikha ng iisang diyos mula sa kawalan.</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Theistic ( makadiyos )</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Maalamat ( Mythological )</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Creationism</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– paniniwala sa mga pangyayari sa aklat ng genesis</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Animism o Paganism</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– pagsamba sa mga espiritung naninirahan sa kalikasan</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Monotheism</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– paniniwala sa isang diyos</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">James Ussher</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– noong</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">1650</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">ay kanyang ipinahayag na ang paglikha ay noong</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">4004 Before the Common Era (B.C.E)</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">batay sa pagtutuos ng mga numerolohiya sa Old Testament.</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Dr. John Lightfoot</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– mas tiniyak niya ang kay ussher at ipinahayag na ang paglikha ay </span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">4004 B.C.E</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">9am, October 23</strong></span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">Batay sa kalkulasyong</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Ussher – Lightfoot</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">ang edad ng daigdig ay tinatayang</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">6,000</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">pa lamang.</span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Diluvial Theory</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– ang di maipaliwanag na fossils na tila pinag-patong patong ay mga labi ng hayop noong</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Great Flood</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">kay</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Noah</strong></span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Catastrophe Theory ( George Cuvier ) </strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">- ang mga serye ng kalamidad ang lumipol sa populasyon. </span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">James Hutton </strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"> </span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"> -</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Gradualism (Uniform Order of Physical Events )</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">; ang kanyang teoryang</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">uniformitarianism</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">ay nailimbag sa</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Theory of the Earth (1795)</strong></span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"> -Hindi maaring lagyan ng eksaktong linya ang paglikha ng mundo.</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Charles Lyell</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">–</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Principles of Geology 1830</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">; sinusugan nya ang kaisipang ni</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Hutton</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">na</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Uniformitarianism</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">.</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Paliwanag ng Agham </strong></span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;"> </strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">- ang bahagi ng solar system ay sabay sabay na nabuo, buhat sa magkakaparehong Primordial Material;</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">80% Hydrogen, 15% Helium at 5%</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">na mabigat na element.</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Nebular Hypothesis ( Immanuel Kant ;1755 )</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"> </span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"> – ang bahagi ng solar system ay nalikha mula sa</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Solar Nebula</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">, patuloy itong umiikot at umiinit sa pwersa ng gravity at nakabuo ng isang</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Protosun</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">.</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Protosun</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– isang araw na patuloy pang nililikha.</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Planetisimal Theory </strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– ang mga nabigong maging Planeta o</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Planetisimal</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">ay may potensyal na magsama-sama at maka-buo ng planeta dulot ng pag-iipon ipon ng mga material na umiikot sa loob ng disk ng nebula.</span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Iba pang teorya ukol sa Solar System</strong></span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<div data-mce-style="line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin-bottom: 0.714285em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold;" style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Capture Theory ( James Jeans )</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"> – nagsimula sa protosun na nagkaroon ng Solar Disruption at nagdulot ng pagkatanggal ng mga materyales na hugis filament at nagging protoplanet.</span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<div data-mce-style="line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin-bottom: 0.714285em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold;" style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Big Bang Theory ( Georges Lemaitre at Carl Wilhelm Wirtz )</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"> - dulot ng pagsabog ng mga magkakapatong na galaxy, bunga nito ang ibat’ibang lokasyon at velocity.</span></span></div>
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<li data-mce-style="margin-left: 5pt; margin-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: Bold; color: #010101;" style="border: 0px; color: #010101; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0px 0pt 0px 5pt; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0pt;"><div data-mce-style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.428571em; margin: 0pt 0px 10pt; padding: 0px;">
<div data-mce-style="line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin-bottom: 0.714285em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Steady State Theory (Fred Hoyle)</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">- panibagong matter ang nabubuo habang nag-sisilayo ang mga galaxy sa isat’ isa.</span></span></div>
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<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Heolohikal</strong></span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Radiometry</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– sumusukat sa electromagnetic radiation at tinatangkang mabatid ang edad ng bato at mineral na nagtataglay ng Radioactive Isotope</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;"><br /></strong></span></span></div>
<div data-mce-style="margin-left: 0mm; margin-right: 0mm; text-indent: 0mm; margin-top: 0.00mm; margin-bottom: 3.52mm; line-height: 115%;" style="border: 0px; line-height: 16.100000381469727px; margin: 0mm 0mm 3.52mm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0mm;">
<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Geologic Time Scale</strong></span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Precambrian</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– Hadean, Archea at Proterozoic Eons ;</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">88%</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">na panahong heolohikal.</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Paleozoic Era ( Ancient Life )</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">–</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">543 mil. B.P</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">( Before Present ) ;</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">6.5%</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">ng panahong heolohikal</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Mesozoic Era ( Middle Life )</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">–</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">4%</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">na panahong Heolohikal</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Cenozoic Era ( Recent Life</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">) –</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">1.5%</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">na panahong heolohikal</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Phanerozoic Eon</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">– Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">Permian Period</strong></span><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"> -</span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><strong style="line-height: 1.428571em;">90%</strong></span> <span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;">ang nangmatay</span></span></div>
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<span data-mce-style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri;" style="color: #010101; font-family: Calibri; line-height: 1.428571em;"><span data-mce-style="font-size: 11pt;" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.428571em;"><br /></span></span></div>
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